Name of the Condition

• Collapsed vertebra, thoracic region (M48.54XA)
• Also known as thoracic vertebral compression fracture.

Summary

• A collapsed vertebra in the thoracic region refers to a condition where a vertebra in the mid-back spine loses height and structure, often causing pain and limited mobility. This condition is described as such during the initial encounter for a fracture.

Causes

• Commonly caused by osteoporosis, trauma (such as falls or car accidents), and pathological conditions like metastatic cancer.

Risk Factors

• Advanced age, osteoporosis, previous vertebral fractures, high-impact sports or activities, and chronic use of corticosteroids.

Symptoms

• Sudden onset of back pain, decreased range of motion, spinal deformity, and, in severe cases, nerve-related symptoms like numbness or tingling.

Diagnosis

• Diagnosed through physical examination, patient history, and imaging tests such as X-rays, MRI, or CT scans to evaluate vertebral damage.

Treatment Options

• Pain management through medications (such as NSAIDs), physical therapy to improve strength and flexibility, and possibly bracing to support the spine. In some cases, surgical interventions like vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty may be needed to restore vertebral height and relieve pain.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Prognosis is generally favorable with appropriate treatment, but regular follow-ups are essential to monitor progress and prevent recurrent fractures. Long-term management includes osteoporosis treatment if it is an underlying cause.

Complications

• If untreated, complications can include chronic pain, further spinal deformities, reduced physical function, and increased risk of additional fractures.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Weight-bearing exercises, adequate calcium and vitamin D intake, smoking cessation, and fall prevention strategies can help manage and prevent further deterioration.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Seek medical attention for sudden or severe back pain following an injury, signs of spinal deformity, or new neurological symptoms like numbness or tingling.

Additional Resources

• National Osteoporosis Foundation: www.nof.org
• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: orthoinfo.aaos.org

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure the condition is documented as an initial encounter for a fracture.
• Verify the region (thoracic) and confirm that the condition "not elsewhere classified" is noted to avoid coding errors.
• Double-check for any additional codes for underlying conditions like osteoporosis if applicable.