K04.02 Irreversible pulpitis

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Irreversible pulpitis
- Also known as persistent pulp inflammation or pulp necrosis precursor.

#### Summary
- Irreversible pulpitis is a serious dental condition where the pulp of the tooth—its innermost part—becomes inflamed and cannot heal on its own. It often results in severe toothache and may eventually lead to pulp necrosis if not treated promptly.

#### Causes
- Typically caused by deep dental cavities, trauma to the tooth, or repeated dental procedures leading to pulp exposure.
- Bacterial infection can exacerbate the condition as bacteria invade the pulp tissue.

#### Risk Factors
- Poor oral hygiene leading to cavities.
- Gum disease and untreated dental decay.
- Traumatic dental injuries, such as cracks and fractures.
- Extensive dental restorations which may stress the pulp tissue.

#### Symptoms
- Persistent, severe toothache often described as throbbing.
- Heightened sensitivity to hot or cold that lingers after the stimulus is removed.
- Pain aggravated by chewing or biting.
- Swelling around the affected tooth or area.

#### Diagnosis
- Diagnosed via clinical examination, patient history, and X-rays.
- Pulp vitality tests, such as thermal or electric pulp tests, are often utilized.

#### Treatment Options
- Root canal therapy is the primary treatment, involving removal of the inflamed pulp followed by cleaning, disinfecting, and sealing the tooth.
- In some cases, extraction of the affected tooth may be necessary if the tooth is not restorable.
- Antibiotics and analgesics may be prescribed to manage infection and pain, respectively, prior to definitive treatment.

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
- Prognosis is generally good with timely treatment.
- Follow-up is crucial to ensure successful healing and monitor for potential complications.
- Regular dental check-ups are essential for continued oral health.

#### Complications
- Potential for pulp necrosis leading to abscess formation if left untreated.
- Spread of infection to surrounding tissues, potentially resulting in systemic issues.

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- Maintain excellent oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing, flossing, and dental check-ups.
- Limit intake of sugary foods and beverages to reduce risk of decay.
- Use protective gear during activities that pose a risk of dental trauma.

#### When to Seek Professional Help
- Seek immediate dental care if experiencing severe, persistent tooth pain or swelling.
- Prompt attention for heightened sensitivity post-dental procedures is advised.

#### Additional Resources
- American Dental Association: [www.ada.org](https://www.ada.org)
- Mayo Clinic: [www.mayoclinic.org](https://www.mayoclinic.org)

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure specificity by linking symptoms and confirmed diagnostic tests to the ICD code K04.02.
- Avoid confusion with reversible pulpitis (K04.01) which suggests a more favorable prognosis and different treatment approach.

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