Name of the Condition

• Erosion of Teeth
• Dental Erosion (ICD-10: K03.2)

Summary

Erosion of teeth refers to the loss of tooth enamel caused by acid attacking the tooth's surface. Unlike decay that results from bacteria, erosion is chemical. This condition can lead to sensitivity, cosmetic concerns, and in severe cases, tooth loss.

Causes

• Frequent consumption of acidic foods and drinks (e.g., citrus fruits, sodas).
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) causing stomach acids to reach the mouth.
• Certain medical conditions, such as bulimia or prolonged vomiting.
• Environmental factors, including chlorine found in swimming pools.
• Salivary dysfunction, reducing the mouth's ability to neutralize acids.

Risk Factors

• Poor dietary habits, especially high intake of acidic beverages.
• Medical conditions that lead to chronic vomiting or acid reflux.
• Eating disorders.
• Professional swimmers or frequent swimming in chlorinated pools.
• Xerostomia (dry mouth) from medications or conditions.

Symptoms

• Increased tooth sensitivity, particularly to hot or cold conditions.
• Discoloration or yellowish appearance of the teeth.
• Rounded teeth edges and cupping on the chewing surfaces.
• Transparency at the edges of the anterior teeth.
• Increased risk of fractures or chipped teeth.

Diagnosis

• Visual examination by a dentist.
• Patient history discussion focusing on dietary and medical issues.
• Diagnostic imaging or radiographs to assess enamel loss.

Treatment Options

• Use of dental bonding materials to restore lost enamel.
• Application of fluoride treatments to strengthen remaining enamel.
• Dietary advice to reduce intake of acidic foods and drinks.
• Prescription of desensitizing toothpaste for symptomatic relief.
• In severe cases, restorative treatments like veneers or crowns.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• If treated early, progression can often be halted and symptoms managed satisfactorily.
• Regular dental check-ups are crucial for monitoring and managing the condition.
• Maintaining good oral hygiene practices promotes long-term dental health.

Complications

• Significant tooth sensitivity and pain.
• Increased susceptibility to cavities.
• Structural damage or tooth breakage.
• Advanced or untreated cases may lead to tooth loss.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Limiting intake of acidic foods and beverages.
• Drinking water to rinse and neutralize acids after eating.
• Chewing sugar-free gum to increase saliva production.
• Regular use of fluoridated toothpaste.
• Wearing a mouthguard if acid erosion is linked to GERD at night.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Sudden increase in tooth sensitivity.
• Noticeable changes in tooth appearance or shape.
• Persistent dental discomfort or pain.

Additional Resources

• American Dental Association (ADA) website
• British Dental Health Foundation website

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure the patient's medical record includes a comprehensive evaluation for accurate coding.
• Avoid confusing erosion with other dental pathologies such as caries or attrition.
• Verify the code K03.2 is used specifically for non-carious chemical enamel loss.