I12.0 Hypertensive chronic kidney disease with stage 5 chronic kidney disease or end stage renal disease

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Hypertensive Chronic Kidney Disease with Stage 5 Chronic Kidney Disease or End Stage Renal Disease
- ICD Code: I12.0

#### Summary
Hypertensive chronic kidney disease of stage 5, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), occurs when high blood pressure causes irreversible damage to the kidneys, significantly impairing their function.

#### Causes
- Prolonged high blood pressure leading to kidney damage.
- Secondary factors such as diabetes may also contribute.

#### Risk Factors
- Chronic hypertension (high blood pressure).
- Family history of kidney or cardiovascular diseases.
- Age, particularly over 60.
- Lifestyle factors including poor diet and lack of exercise.

#### Symptoms
- Fatigue and weakness.
- Swelling in feet and ankles.
- Difficulty concentrating and persistent itching.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Shortness of breath due to fluid overload.

#### Diagnosis
- Blood tests to evaluate kidney function (e.g., serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen).
- Urine tests to check for protein or blood.
- Imaging tests like ultrasound or CT scans of the kidneys.
- Monitoring blood pressure levels.

#### Treatment Options
- Medications to control blood pressure, such as ACE inhibitors or ARBs.
- Dialysis to manage kidney function.
- Kidney transplantation in suitable candidates.
- Dietary modifications to reduce protein, potassium, and sodium intake.

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
- Management can slow progression but typically requires lifelong treatment.
- Regular follow-up with nephrologists is essential to monitor kidney function and adjust treatments.

#### Complications
- Heart disease due to increased cardiovascular load.
- Anemia resulting from reduced erythropoietin production.
- Bone disease (renal osteodystrophy).
- Electrolyte imbalances leading to muscle weakness or heart issues.

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- Adopting a kidney-friendly diet low in salt and processed foods.
- Engaging in regular physical activity to manage blood pressure.
- Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
- Staying hydrated but monitoring fluid intake as advised.

#### When to Seek Professional Help
- Sudden weight gain or swelling could indicate fluid retention.
- Symptoms of chest pain or severe headaches, which might signal cardiovascular issues.

#### Additional Resources
- National Kidney Foundation: [www.kidney.org](https://www.kidney.org)
- American Heart Association: [www.heart.org](https://www.heart.org)
- Patient support groups available through local hospitals or online forums.

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure the condition is correctly identified by linking hypertension with stage 5 chronic kidney disease.
- Avoid misclassifying conditions; verify if end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is documented.
- Cross-reference patient records for current medications and treatments indicating kidney disease management.

Medical Policies and Guidelines for Hypertensive chronic kidney disease with stage 5 chronic kidney disease or end stage renal disease

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