Toxic Maculopathy, Bilateral (H35.383)

Name of the Condition

• Toxic Maculopathy, Bilateral
• Also known as Medication-Induced Maculopathy

Summary

Toxic maculopathy is a medical condition affecting the central portion of the retina called the macula, resulting from exposure to certain toxic substances. When it is bilateral, both eyes are affected, potentially leading to central vision impairment.

Causes

• The condition is often caused by exposure to certain drugs or toxins that are harmful to the retinal tissue.
• Common drugs associated include antimalarials like hydroxychloroquine, and tamoxifen.

Risk Factors

• Long-term use of certain medications (e.g., chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine).
• High dosage of these medications over extended periods.
• Pre-existing retinal conditions or macular disease.

• Age: Older adults may have a higher risk.

  Symptoms

• Blurred or distorted vision.
• Difficulty reading or seeing fine details.

• Changes in color perception.

  Diagnosis

• Comprehensive eye examination.
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess retinal layers.
• Visual field testing to determine functional vision loss.

• Fundus autofluorescence to detect tissue changes.

  Treatment Options

• Discontinuation or substitution of the offending medication, if applicable.
• Regular monitoring of retinal health.

• Vision rehabilitation therapies to aid in dealing with vision loss.

  Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Early detection and intervention can prevent further deterioration.
• Regular follow-up with an ophthalmologist is crucial to monitor changes.
• Potential for significant vision loss if not managed properly.

Complications

• Persistent central vision loss, affecting activities like reading or driving.

• Possible progression to more severe forms of retinal damage if untreated.

  Lifestyle & Prevention

• Regular eye exams, especially if taking long-term medications known to affect the macula.

• Awareness and management of drug side effects.

  When to Seek Professional Help

• Onset of symptoms like sudden vision changes or distortion.

• If on medications known to cause retinal toxicity, regular check-ups are vital.

  Additional Resources

• American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO)
• Prevent Blindness America
• Patient support groups for vision impairment

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure accurate documentation of both eyes being affected (bilateral).
• Verify that the source of toxicity is noted in the patient's medical record.
• Cross-reference with any related conditions or medications that may contribute to the diagnosis.