Name of the Condition

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with Ketoacidosis without Coma

• Also known as: T1DM with DKA without coma, Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in Type 1 diabetes.

Summary

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to high blood glucose levels. Ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when your body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones.

Causes

• Genetic predisposition: Family history of Type 1 diabetes.

• Autoimmune response: The body's immune system mistakenly attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

  Risk Factors

• Family history of diabetes.
• Presence of certain genetic markers.
• Previous viral infections that might trigger an autoimmune response.

Symptoms

• Increased thirst and urination.
• Fatigue.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Abdominal pain.

• Fruity-scented breath.

  Diagnosis

• Blood tests: Check blood sugar levels, ketone levels, and blood acidity.
• Urinalysis: Presence of ketones in urine.
• Medical history and physical examination.

Treatment Options

• Insulin therapy: To reduce blood glucose levels.
• Fluid replacement: To handle dehydration.

• Electrolyte replacement: Correct the balance of electrolytes like sodium and potassium.

  Prognosis and Follow-Up

  With appropriate treatment, most patients recover from ketoacidosis episodes, but they must manage blood glucose levels vigilantly long-term to avoid recurrence. Regular follow-ups are essential to monitor and adjust insulin therapy.

Complications

• Severe dehydration.
• Swelling in the brain.

• Heart complications due to electrolyte imbalances.

  Lifestyle & Prevention

• Manage blood glucose levels with regular monitoring.
• Healthy diet: Low in sugars and carbs.
• Regular exercise to improve insulin sensitivity.
• Knowledge of early signs of DKA and how to respond.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Persistent high blood sugar readings.
• Symptoms of ketoacidosis like nausea and fruity-smelling breath.
• Extreme fatigue and confusion.

Additional Resources

• American Diabetes Association: www.diabetes.org
• Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF): www.jdrf.org

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure additional specificity by confirming the absence of a coma in the documentation.
• Verify accurate patient history and laboratory findings before coding.
• Avoid coding errors by distinguishing between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes complications.