Name of the Condition

• Anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Summary

Anemia in chronic kidney disease is a medical condition characterized by a reduced number of red blood cells or hemoglobin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease. This can lead to decreased oxygen transport in the blood, causing fatigue and other complications.

Causes

Anemia in CKD is primarily caused by the kidneys' reduced ability to produce erythropoietin, a hormone necessary for red blood cell production. Other contributing factors include iron deficiency, inflammation, and blood loss.

Risk Factors

• Advancing age
• Long-term diabetes or hypertension
• History of kidney disease
• Certain genetic conditions affecting kidney or blood health

Symptoms

• Fatigue and weakness
• Shortness of breath
• Pale skin
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Chest pain

Diagnosis

• Complete blood count (CBC) to check hemoglobin levels
• Serum ferritin and transferrin saturation to assess iron levels
• Reticulocyte count
• Kidney function tests, including eGFR

Treatment Options

• Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to boost red blood cell production
• Iron supplements, either oral or intravenous, to address iron deficiency
• Treating underlying CKD and managing related symptoms

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With proper treatment, the symptoms of anemia in CKD can be managed, improving the quality of life. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider are essential to monitor treatment efficacy and adjust therapies as needed.

Complications

• Increased risk of heart disease and heart failure
• Severe fatigue impacting daily activities
• Higher mortality in CKD patients if anemia is not managed

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Adopting a kidney-friendly diet low in phosphorus and potassium
• Staying hydrated and maintaining a healthy blood pressure
• Avoiding substances that can harm the kidneys, such as NSAIDs

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical attention if experiencing severe fatigue, shortness of breath, or chest pain, as these can be signs of worsening anemia or cardiovascular issues.

Additional Resources

• National Kidney Foundation (www.kidney.org)
• American Society of Nephrology (www.asn-online.org)
• Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines

Tips for Medical Coders

• Confirm the diagnosis of anemia is linked to CKD when assigning ICD code D63.1.
• Ensure accompanying CKD diagnosis codes are accurately documented.
• Avoid coding errors by verifying lab results and physician notes confirm both CKD and anemia.