D53.2 Scorbutic anemia

Name of the Condition

• Scorbutic anemia
• ICD-10 Code D53.2

Summary

Scorbutic anemia is a type of anemia resulting from vitamin C deficiency, which impairs collagen synthesis and red blood cell formation. This condition occurs when insufficient vitamin C disrupts normal hematopoiesis and connective tissue integrity.

Causes

Scorbutic anemia develops due to inadequate dietary vitamin C intake or malabsorption. Prolonged deficiency, often from limited fruit and vegetable consumption, leads to impaired iron utilization and red blood cell maturation.

Risk Factors

• Inadequate dietary vitamin C intake
• Malabsorption disorders (e.g., Crohn's disease)
• Limited access to fresh produce
• Chronic alcoholism
• Elderly populations with poor nutrition
• Special diets lacking vitamin C

Symptoms

• Fatigue and weakness
• Petechiae or bruising
• Swollen, bleeding gums
• Joint pain or stiffness
• Poor wound healing
• Anemia-related symptoms (pallor, shortness of breath)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a complete blood count (CBC) to assess anemia and vitamin C levels. Clinical evaluation of symptoms, dietary history, and exclusion of other nutritional deficiencies support the diagnosis.

Treatment Options

• Oral vitamin C supplementation to restore levels
• Dietary modifications to include vitamin C-rich foods
• Addressing underlying absorption issues
• Monitoring for resolution of anemia and symptoms

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With appropriate vitamin C replacement, prognosis is generally good. Follow-up includes monitoring hemoglobin levels and symptom resolution. Chronic deficiency may require long-term dietary management.

Complications

• Severe anemia if untreated
• Increased bleeding risk
• Impaired wound healing
• Potential for secondary infections

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Consume vitamin C-rich foods (citrus, berries, leafy greens)
• Maintain a balanced diet with diverse fruits/vegetables
• Consider supplements in high-risk groups
• Regular dietary assessments for vulnerable populations

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek care if experiencing unexplained fatigue, bruising, or gum bleeding. Prompt evaluation is important for persistent symptoms or known poor nutrition.

Tips for Medical Coders

Document vitamin C deficiency confirmation and anemia correlation. Include clinical findings, dietary history, and lab results supporting the diagnosis. Ensure coding aligns with documented clinical evidence.