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Carcinoma in situ of bladder
ICD10CM code
Name of the Condition
- Carcinoma in situ of bladder
- Also known as "Bladder CIS" or "Pre-invasive bladder cancer"
Summary
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the bladder is a condition characterized by the presence of flat, non-invasive cancer cells confined to the bladder lining. Unlike invasive bladder cancer, CIS does not penetrate deeper into bladder tissues, but it has the potential to progress to invasive disease if not treated.
Causes
- The exact cause of carcinoma in situ of the bladder is not fully understood, but it is believed to be linked to genetic mutations in bladder cells.
- Exposure to carcinogens, such as those found in tobacco smoke and certain chemicals, may contribute to the development of this condition.
Risk Factors
- Smoking is the most significant risk factor for bladder cancer, including carcinoma in situ.
- Exposure to industrial chemicals, such as those used in dye manufacturing.
- Personal or family history of bladder cancer.
- Being male and over the age of 40.
Symptoms
- Blood in urine (hematuria)
- Frequent urination
- Painful urination (dysuria)
- Urgent need to urinate
Diagnosis
- Cystoscopy: A procedure where a thin camera is inserted into the bladder to look for abnormalities.
- Biopsy: Taking small tissue samples during cystoscopy for pathological examination.
- Urine cytology: Checking urine samples for cancer cells.
Treatment Options
- Intravesical therapy: Treatment directly into the bladder, often using Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy or mitomycin.
- Surgery: Transurethral resection to remove visible tumors if needed.
- Regular surveillance to monitor for progression or recurrence.
Prognosis and Follow-Up
- With treatment, bladder CIS can often be managed effectively, but regular follow-up is essential due to the risk of recurrence or progression to invasive cancer.
- Long-term monitoring with cystoscopy and urine tests is crucial.
Complications
- Potential progression to invasive bladder cancer if left untreated.
- Recurrence of carcinoma in situ, even after treatment.
Lifestyle & Prevention
- Quitting smoking to reduce risk.
- Reducing exposure to known bladder carcinogens.
- Maintaining a healthy diet and staying hydrated.
When to Seek Professional Help
- Immediate medical attention should be sought for unexplained blood in the urine or any other urinary symptoms that persist or worsen.
Additional Resources
Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure accurate documentation of the condition as "carcinoma in situ" versus invasive bladder cancer.
- Be precise when coding to reflect the non-invasive nature of CIS.
- Common coding errors include misclassifying “carcinoma in situ” as an invasive cancer, which can lead to inaccuracies in medical records.