C62 Malignant neoplasm of testis

Name of the Condition

• Malignant neoplasm of testis
• Testicular cancer

Summary

Malignant neoplasm of the testis refers to a cancerous growth originating in the testicular tissue. This condition is a type of genitourinary cancer that can affect hormonal function, fertility, and overall health if untreated. It may spread to nearby lymph nodes or other parts of the body.

Causes

The exact cause involves genetic mutations in testicular tissue leading to uncontrolled cell growth. Contributing factors may include environmental exposures and genetic predispositions.

Risk Factors

• Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism)
• Family history of testicular cancer
• Age, particularly between 15 and 35
• HIV infection
• Infertility
• Testicular atrophy
• Prior testicular cancer in one testicle

Symptoms

• Painless lump or swelling in the testicle
• Dull ache or pain in the scrotum or groin
• Heaviness in the scrotum
• Sudden fluid collection in the scrotum
• Breast tenderness or enlargement
• Back pain (if cancer has spread)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis involves a physical examination by a healthcare provider, followed by an ultrasound of the scrotum to evaluate testicular abnormalities. Blood tests for tumor markers (e.g., alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin) and a biopsy of the testicular tissue may confirm malignancy. Imaging tests such as CT scans or MRI may be used to assess the extent of the cancer and check for spread to other areas.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the type, stage, and patient factors. Options may include surgical removal of the testicle (orchiectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surveillance. Additional treatments like lymph node dissection or targeted therapy may be considered based on the cancer's characteristics.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Prognosis varies by stage and type of testicular cancer. Early-stage disease often has a favorable outcome with appropriate treatment. Follow-up care typically includes regular physical exams, imaging, and blood tests to monitor for recurrence. Long-term surveillance is important, especially for patients at higher risk of relapse.

Complications

• Infertility due to treatment or cancer impact
• Hormonal imbalances
• Lymphedema (swelling) in the legs
• Secondary cancers from treatment
• Psychological distress related to diagnosis or treatment

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Perform regular testicular self-exams to detect changes early
• Seek prompt evaluation for any testicular abnormalities
• Maintain overall health to support recovery and reduce risk factors
• Discuss fertility preservation options before treatment, if applicable

When to Seek Professional Help

• Notice a lump, swelling, or pain in the testicle
• Experience unexplained breast tenderness or enlargement
• Have persistent back or abdominal pain without a clear cause
• Observe sudden changes in testicular size or shape

Tips for Medical Coders

When coding for malignant neoplasm of the testis (C62), ensure documentation specifies the laterality (right, left, or unspecified) and any associated conditions. Verify that the diagnosis aligns with clinical findings and that staging information is appropriately captured if available. Accurate coding supports proper classification and care coordination.