Name of the Condition

• Malignant neoplasm of endometrium is commonly known as endometrial cancer or uterine cancer.

Summary

• Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the inner lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. It is most commonly diagnosed in postmenopausal women, usually presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding.

Causes

• The exact cause of endometrial cancer is unknown, but it is believed to be related to hormonal imbalances, particularly an excess of estrogen without the balance of progesterone. Genetic mutations and environmental factors may also play a role.

Risk Factors

• Age (most common after menopause)
• Obesity
• History of menopause at an older age
• Hormone replacement therapy
• Family history of uterine or colon cancer
• Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
• Use of tamoxifen for breast cancer treatment

Symptoms

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
• Pelvic pain
• Pain during intercourse
• Unexplained weight loss

Diagnosis

• Pelvic examination
• Ultrasound imaging
• Endometrial biopsy
• Dilation and curettage (D&C)
• Hysteroscopy

Treatment Options

• Surgery (hysterectomy, removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes)
• Radiation therapy to target and kill remaining cancer cells
• Chemotherapy for advanced cases
• Hormone therapy to block hormones that fuel the cancer

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Early detection generally has a good prognosis.
• Regular follow-ups are crucial to monitor for recurrence, involving physical exams and imaging tests.

Complications

• If untreated, the cancer can spread to other parts of the body like lymph nodes, lungs, and liver.
• Other complications include anemia from persistent bleeding and psychological impact due to aggressive treatments.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise
• Monitoring and managing health conditions like diabetes or hypertension
• Considering birth control options that balance hormones
• Regular medical check-ups, especially if there is a family history of cancer

When to Seek Professional Help

• Persistent abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
• Significant pelvic pain
• Any new, unexplained symptoms related to the reproductive system

Additional Resources

• American Cancer Society (www.cancer.org)
• National Cancer Institute (www.cancer.gov)
• Endometrial Cancer Support Groups (e.g., online forums and local meetups)

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure the specific site of the neoplasm (endometrium) is clearly documented.
• Double-check patient history for hysterectomies which might impact coding.
• Avoid confusing with other uterine or gynecological malignancies—verify anatomical location.