Malignant neoplasm of endometrium is commonly known as endometrial cancer or uterine cancer.
Summary
Endometrial cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the inner lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. It is most commonly diagnosed in postmenopausal women, usually presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Causes
The exact cause of endometrial cancer is unknown, but it is believed to be related to hormonal imbalances, particularly an excess of estrogen without the balance of progesterone. Genetic mutations and environmental factors may also play a role.
Risk Factors
Age (most common after menopause)
Obesity
History of menopause at an older age
Hormone replacement therapy
Family history of uterine or colon cancer
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
Use of tamoxifen for breast cancer treatment
Symptoms
Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
Pelvic pain
Pain during intercourse
Unexplained weight loss
Diagnosis
Pelvic examination
Ultrasound imaging
Endometrial biopsy
Dilation and curettage (D&C)
Hysteroscopy
Treatment Options
Surgery (hysterectomy, removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes)
Radiation therapy to target and kill remaining cancer cells
Chemotherapy for advanced cases
Hormone therapy to block hormones that fuel the cancer
Prognosis and Follow-Up
Early detection generally has a good prognosis.
Regular follow-ups are crucial to monitor for recurrence, involving physical exams and imaging tests.
Complications
If untreated, the cancer can spread to other parts of the body like lymph nodes, lungs, and liver.
Other complications include anemia from persistent bleeding and psychological impact due to aggressive treatments.
Lifestyle & Prevention
Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise
Monitoring and managing health conditions like diabetes or hypertension
Considering birth control options that balance hormones
Regular medical check-ups, especially if there is a family history of cancer
When to Seek Professional Help
Persistent abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
Significant pelvic pain
Any new, unexplained symptoms related to the reproductive system
Additional Resources
American Cancer Society (www.cancer.org)
National Cancer Institute (www.cancer.gov)
Endometrial Cancer Support Groups (e.g., online forums and local meetups)
Tips for Medical Coders
Ensure the specific site of the neoplasm (endometrium) is clearly documented.
Double-check patient history for hysterectomies which might impact coding.
Avoid confusing with other uterine or gynecological malignancies—verify anatomical location.