Malignant neoplasm of rectosigmoid junction

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Malignant neoplasm of rectosigmoid junction
- Also referred to as rectosigmoid cancer

#### Summary
Malignant neoplasm of the rectosigmoid junction is a type of cancer that occurs where the rectum meets the sigmoid colon. It is part of the colorectal cancer group and can affect the digestive system's ability to function properly.

#### Causes
The exact cause of rectosigmoid cancer is not well understood, but it is believed to arise from a combination of genetic mutations and environmental factors.

#### Risk Factors
- Age: Most common in individuals over 50.
- Family history of colorectal cancer.
- Personal history of polyps or inflammatory bowel disease.
- Diet high in red or processed meats and low in fiber.
- Smoking and excessive alcohol use.
- Sedentary lifestyle and obesity.

#### Symptoms
- Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation.
- Blood in stool.
- Abdominal pain or discomfort.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Fatigue or weakness.

#### Diagnosis
- Colonoscopy with biopsy.
- Imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans.
- Blood tests including complete blood count (CBC) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level.

#### Treatment Options
- Surgery to remove the tumor and affected bowel segment.
- Radiation therapy to target and kill cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy to destroy cancer cells and reduce tumor size.
- Targeted therapy that focuses on specific cancer cell features.

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
- The prognosis depends on the cancer stage at diagnosis and response to treatment.
- Regular follow-up appointments are crucial for monitoring recurrence and managing any treatment side effects.

#### Complications
- Potential for intestinal obstruction or perforation.
- Spread of cancer to other organs (metastasis).
- Side effects from treatments, such as fatigue, nausea, or neuropathy.

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
- Limit red and processed meat intake.
- Engage in regular physical exercise.
- Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption.
- Regular screening for those at high risk.

#### When to Seek Professional Help
- Persistent changes in bowel habits or blood in stool.
- Severe abdominal pain or unexplained weight loss.
- Signs of anemia like unusual fatigue or pallor.

#### Additional Resources
- American Cancer Society: [www.cancer.org](https://www.cancer.org)
- Colorectal Cancer Alliance: [www.ccalliance.org](https://www.ccalliance.org)

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure the correct ICD code C19 is used for malignant neoplasm of the rectosigmoid junction.
- Verify the location of the tumor to distinguish from surrounding colorectal cancers.
- Double-check documentation for any metastatic sites for accurate coding.