B66.5 Fasciolopsiasis

Name of the Condition

• Fasciolopsiasis

Summary

Fasciolopsiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the intestinal fluke Fasciolopsis buski. The infection primarily affects the small intestine, leading to inflammation and potential complications. It is commonly associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked aquatic plants, such as water chestnuts, that harbor fluke larvae. The condition may be asymptomatic in mild cases but can progress to more severe disease in chronic infections.

Causes

The infection is caused by ingesting the larvae of Fasciolopsis buski, which are present in raw or undercooked aquatic plants. The larvae mature into adult flukes in the human small intestine, where they attach and reproduce, releasing eggs that are excreted in feces. Contaminated water sources or food preparation practices that involve uncooked aquatic plants facilitate transmission.

Risk Factors

• Consumption of raw or undercooked aquatic plants from endemic regions.
• Residing in or traveling to areas where Fasciolopsis buski infection is common (e.g., Southeast Asia).
• Poor sanitation or lack of access to safe food and water.
• Occupational exposure to contaminated plants or water (e.g., farming, aquaculture).

Symptoms

• Abdominal pain, diarrhea, or gastrointestinal discomfort.
• Fatigue, fever, or general malaise.
• Nausea, vomiting, or bloating.
• Malnutrition or weight loss in severe cases.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is typically confirmed through microscopic examination of stool samples for fluke eggs. Serological tests may also be used to detect antibodies against Fasciolopsis buski. Imaging studies, such as ultrasound or endoscopy, may be performed to assess intestinal or systemic involvement.

Treatment Options

Treatment usually involves antiparasitic medications, such as praziquantel or triclabendazole, to eliminate the flukes. Supportive care, including hydration and nutritional support, may be necessary for severe cases. Follow-up stool examinations are recommended to confirm eradication of the infection.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With appropriate treatment, the prognosis is generally good, and most patients recover fully. Chronic infections may lead to complications, such as intestinal obstruction or malabsorption. Regular follow-up is advised to monitor for recurrence or long-term effects.

Complications

• Intestinal obstruction or perforation.
• Malnutrition or vitamin deficiencies.
• Bacterial superinfection due to intestinal damage.
• Rarely, systemic spread to other organs.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Avoid consuming raw or undercooked aquatic plants, especially in endemic areas.
• Thoroughly wash and cook aquatic plants before eating.
• Practice good hygiene, including handwashing after handling plants or soil.
• Ensure access to safe drinking water and proper sanitation.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical attention if you experience persistent abdominal pain, diarrhea, or unexplained weight loss after consuming raw aquatic plants. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent complications.

Tips for Medical Coders

When coding for fasciolopsiasis, use ICD-10-CM code B66.5. Ensure documentation supports the diagnosis, including clinical findings, exposure history, and diagnostic test results. Note that this code is specific to Fasciolopsis buski infection and should not be used for other fluke infections.