Name of the Condition

• Common name(s): Ringworm
• Technical/medical term: Dermatophytosis, unspecified

Summary

Dermatophytosis, commonly known as ringworm, is a contagious fungal infection affecting the skin, hair, or nails. Despite its name, it is not caused by worms but by dermatophyte fungi.

Causes

Dermatophytosis is caused by fungi from the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments.

Risk Factors

• Close contact with an infected person or animal
• Sharing personal items like towels or clothing
• Weakened immune system
• Excessive sweating
• Wearing tight or restrictive clothing

Symptoms

• Itchy, circular, red rash with clear skin in the center (ring-like)
• Scaly, cracked skin
• Bald patches if the scalp is affected
• Thickened or discolored nails

Diagnosis

• Physical examination of the affected area
• Skin scraping to examine under a microscope
• Fungal culture to identify the specific fungi

Treatment Options

• Topical antifungal creams or ointments to eliminate the infection on the skin.
• Oral antifungal medications for more severe or widespread infections.
• Keeping the affected area clean and dry to prevent fungal growth.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

With appropriate treatment, dermatophytosis typically resolves within a few weeks. Follow-up may be necessary to ensure the infection has entirely cleared, especially if oral medication is prescribed.

Complications

If untreated, the infection can spread to other body parts, lead to secondary bacterial infections, or become chronic.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Maintain good hygiene.
• Avoid sharing personal items.
• Keep skin dry and clean.
• Wear loose-fitting clothes made of breathable fabrics.
• Use antifungal powders in shoes or socks.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical attention if:

• The rash does not improve with over-the-counter treatments.
• You have a weakened immune system and suspect a fungal infection.
• The infection spreads or becomes painful.

Additional Resources

• American Academy of Dermatology (AAD)
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• World Health Organization (WHO) – Skin Infections Section

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure specificity by identifying the affected area if possible (e.g., scalp, body, nails).
• Avoid confusing dermatophytosis with other skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis.
• Double-check documentation for any mention of specific fungi to refine the code selection.