Mumps Meningitis (B26.1)

Name of the Condition

• Common Name: Mumps Meningitis
• Technical Term: Mumps-related viral meningitis

Summary

Mumps meningitis is a rare but serious complication of the mumps viral infection, affecting the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known as the meninges.

Causes

• The condition is caused by the mumps virus, an RNA virus from the Paramyxoviridae family.
• It occurs when the mumps virus infects the central nervous system.

Risk Factors

• Lack of vaccination against mumps.
• Exposure to individuals with the mumps infection.
• Compromised immune system.

Symptoms

• Severe headache
• Stiff neck
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
• Fever and vomiting
• Altered mental status, such as confusion

Diagnosis

• Medical history and physical examination.
• Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to analyze cerebrospinal fluid.

• Blood tests for mumps virus antibodies.

  Treatment Options

• No specific antiviral treatment for mumps meningitis.
• Supportive care, including pain relievers and hydration.
• Hospitalization in severe cases to monitor and manage symptoms.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Generally favorable prognosis with proper medical care.
• Most people recover without permanent neurological damage.
• Regular follow-up to monitor recovery progress.

Complications

• Brain swelling (encephalitis)
• Hearing loss
• Recurrent headaches

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Vaccination with the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine is the most effective preventive measure.
• Good hygiene practices to prevent mumps spread, such as frequent handwashing.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Persistent or severe headache and stiff neck.
• High fever with altered consciousness.
• Symptoms consistent with mumps infection, especially in unvaccinated individuals.

Additional Resources

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• Local health departments for vaccination information.

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure accurate documentation of both mumps and evidence of meningitis to justify the use of ICD code B26.1.
• Avoid confusion with other types of viral meningitis codes; confirm mumps is the underlying cause.