Also known as salmonellosis when caused by Salmonella bacteria.
Summary
Salmonella enteritis is an infection of the intestines caused by Salmonella bacteria. It is commonly contracted through the consumption of contaminated food or water, leading to gastrointestinal upset.
Causes
Ingestion of food or water contaminated with Salmonella bacteria, often found in raw or undercooked meat, poultry, eggs, and unpasteurized milk.
Risk Factors
Consuming contaminated food or water.
Traveling to areas with poor sanitation.
Weakened immune systems, such as in infants, elderly, or immune-compromised individuals.
Symptoms
Abdominal cramps, diarrhea, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Symptoms typically appear 6 hours to 6 days after infection and can last from 4 to 7 days.
Diagnosis
Stool culture to identify Salmonella bacteria.
In some severe cases, blood tests may be necessary to check for bacteremia.
Treatment Options
Most cases resolve without specific treatment other than hydration.
Severe cases may require antibiotics or hospitalization for intravenous fluids.
Prognosis and Follow-Up
Most individuals recover completely with proper hydration.
Regular follow-up is unnecessary unless symptoms persist or recur, indicating possible complications.
Complications
Severe dehydration and bacteremia, which can lead to more serious conditions such as meningitis or reactive arthritis if untreated.
Lifestyle & Prevention
Practice proper food safety: cook meats thoroughly, refrigerate perishable foods, and avoid cross-contamination.
Good hand hygiene after handling raw meat or using the bathroom.
When to Seek Professional Help
Seek immediate help for persistent high fever, severe dehydration, blood in stools, or symptoms lasting more than a week.
Additional Resources
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website on foodborne illnesses.
World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on diarrheal diseases.
Tips for Medical Coders
Code A02.0 for confirmed cases of Salmonella enteritis.
Avoid coding errors by ensuring lab confirmation of the bacteria if required by insurance.