Name of the Procedure:

High Osmolar Contrast Material Injection (Q9958) Common Name(s): Contrast Injection Technical/Medical Term: High Osmolar Contrast Media (HOCM) Injection

Summary

This procedure involves the injection of a high osmolar contrast material, which contains up to 149 mg/ml iodine, into the body. This contrast agent helps to enhance the visibility of internal structures during imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, and fluoroscopy.

Purpose

Medical Conditions or Problems it Addresses:

• Enhance imaging for diagnostic purposes
• Improve visibility of blood vessels, organs, and tissues

Goals or Expected Outcomes:

• Obtain clearer imaging results
• Aid in accurate diagnosis of conditions like blockages, tumors, or abnormalities

Indications

Specific Symptoms or Conditions:

• Suspected blood vessel abnormalities
• Tumors or lesions needing further investigation
• Preoperative planning

Patient Criteria:

• Patients requiring detailed internal imaging
• Those without a known allergy to iodine or contrast material

Preparation

Pre-procedure Instructions:

• Fasting for 4-6 hours prior to the procedure
• Hydration may be encouraged to help flush the contrast material out after the procedure
• Discussing medication adjustments with healthcare providers
• Allergy testing for iodine sensitivity, if necessary

Diagnostic Tests or Assessments:

• Blood tests to check kidney function (e.g., creatinine levels)
• Allergy assessment for contrast material

Procedure Description

Step-by-step Explanation:

1. Patient is positioned on the imaging table.
2. An intravenous (IV) line is placed to administer the contrast material.
3. The high osmolar contrast material is injected through the IV.
4. Imaging studies are conducted as the contrast travels through the body.

Tools, Equipment, or Technology:

• IV line and catheter
• Imaging equipment (X-ray, CT scanner, fluoroscopy)

Anesthesia or Sedation Details:

• Typically, no anesthesia or sedation is required unless the patient experiences significant discomfort or anxiety.

Duration

• The procedure typically takes about 30-60 minutes, including preparation and post-procedure monitoring.

Setting

• The procedure is performed in a hospital radiology department or an outpatient imaging center.

Personnel

• Radiologist or Interventional Radiologist
• Radiologic Technologist
• Nurses for IV placement and monitoring

Risks and Complications

Common Risks:

• Allergic reaction to contrast material
• Mild discomfort or warmth during injection

Rare Risks:

• Kidney problems, particularly in patients with preexisting kidney issues
• Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)

Possible Complications:

• Management of complications involves medications like antihistamines or steroids for allergic reactions and hydration for kidney protection.

Benefits

• Enhanced imaging clarity
• More accurate diagnosis
• Rapid visualization of issues like blood vessel blockages or tumors

Recovery

Post-procedure Care and Instructions:

• Drink plenty of fluids to help flush out the contrast material
• Monitor for any signs of allergic reactions

Expected Recovery Time:

• Most patients can resume normal activities within a few hours

Restrictions or Follow-up Appointments:

• Follow-up imaging or appointments as recommended by the healthcare provider

Alternatives

Other Treatment Options:

• Non-contrasted imaging studies like ultrasound or MRI
• Use of low osmolar contrast agents

Pros and Cons of Alternatives:

• Non-contrast imaging may be less effective for certain diagnostic purposes
• Low osmolar contrast agents may be less likely to cause allergic reactions but may not provide as vivid imaging results

Patient Experience

During the Procedure:

• Patient may experience a warm sensation or mild discomfort during the injection

After the Procedure:

• Hydration is encouraged; mild side effects like a sensation of warmth or mild nausea are possible

Pain Management and Comfort Measures:

• Comfort measures such as warm blankets and reassurance from healthcare staff are typically provided.