Name of the Procedure:

Infectious Agent Detection by Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA); Hepatitis C, Quantification, Includes Reverse Transcription When Performed

Summary

This procedure detects and measures the amount of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in a patient's blood. It involves extracting viral genetic material, converting RNA to DNA, and then amplifying it for quantification.

Purpose

This test is used to:

• Diagnose Hepatitis C infection.
• Monitor HCV viral load in patients undergoing treatment.
• Assess the effectiveness of therapy by showing changes in viral load.

Indications

The procedure is indicated for:

• Patients showing symptoms of Hepatitis C such as jaundice, fatigue, and abdominal pain.
• Individuals with positive HCV antibody tests needing confirmation of active infection.
• Monitoring patients with known HCV for treatment response and disease progression.

Preparation

• No special preparation like fasting is typically required.
• Patients may need to provide a list of medications they are taking.
• A simple blood sample is needed, so ensure good hydration for easier vein access.

Procedure Description

1. A blood sample is drawn from a vein in the patient’s arm.
2. The sample undergoes RNA extraction to isolate HCV RNA.
3. Reverse transcription converts RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA).
4. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplifies cDNA for quantification.
5. The viral load is determined and reported in international units per milliliter (IU/mL).

Duration

The blood draw takes about 5-10 minutes. Laboratory analysis can take several hours to a couple of days, depending on lab turnaround times.

Setting

• Typically performed in a hospital laboratory or specialized diagnostic center.
• The blood draw can be done in a clinic or outpatient setting.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse to draw blood.
• Laboratory technologists and technicians to process the sample and perform the assay.

Risks and Complications

• Minor discomfort or bruising at the blood draw site.
• Rare risk of infection at the puncture site.

Benefits

• Accurate and sensitive detection of HCV RNA levels.
• Helps guide and monitor treatment decisions.
• Early and precise measurement of viral load helps in better management of the disease.

Recovery

• No specific recovery needed from the blood draw.
• Follow-up includes discussing results with the healthcare provider, who will advise on any further action or treatment plan.

Alternatives

• HCV antibody test to check exposure but does not quantify viral load.
• Liver function tests to assess overall liver health but not specific for HCV.
• Ultrasound or liver biopsy for assessing liver damage.

Pros:

• Antibody test is less sensitive but simpler and cheaper. Cons:
• Alternative tests do not provide as detailed information about viral load.

Patient Experience

Patients may experience a quick prick or mild discomfort during the blood draw. Post-procedure, there are typically no side effects. Pain management is generally not necessary.

Patients can resume normal activities immediately after the blood draw and await results from their healthcare provider.