Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); hepatitis C, quantification, includes reverse transcription when performed
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Infectious Agent Detection by Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA); Hepatitis C, Quantification, Includes Reverse Transcription When Performed
Summary
This procedure detects and measures the amount of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in a patient's blood. It involves extracting viral genetic material, converting RNA to DNA, and then amplifying it for quantification.
Purpose
This test is used to:
- Diagnose Hepatitis C infection.
- Monitor HCV viral load in patients undergoing treatment.
- Assess the effectiveness of therapy by showing changes in viral load.
Indications
The procedure is indicated for:
- Patients showing symptoms of Hepatitis C such as jaundice, fatigue, and abdominal pain.
- Individuals with positive HCV antibody tests needing confirmation of active infection.
- Monitoring patients with known HCV for treatment response and disease progression.
Preparation
- No special preparation like fasting is typically required.
- Patients may need to provide a list of medications they are taking.
- A simple blood sample is needed, so ensure good hydration for easier vein access.
Procedure Description
- A blood sample is drawn from a vein in the patient’s arm.
- The sample undergoes RNA extraction to isolate HCV RNA.
- Reverse transcription converts RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA).
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplifies cDNA for quantification.
- The viral load is determined and reported in international units per milliliter (IU/mL).
Duration
The blood draw takes about 5-10 minutes. Laboratory analysis can take several hours to a couple of days, depending on lab turnaround times.
Setting
- Typically performed in a hospital laboratory or specialized diagnostic center.
- The blood draw can be done in a clinic or outpatient setting.
Personnel
- Phlebotomist or nurse to draw blood.
- Laboratory technologists and technicians to process the sample and perform the assay.
Risks and Complications
- Minor discomfort or bruising at the blood draw site.
- Rare risk of infection at the puncture site.
Benefits
- Accurate and sensitive detection of HCV RNA levels.
- Helps guide and monitor treatment decisions.
- Early and precise measurement of viral load helps in better management of the disease.
Recovery
- No specific recovery needed from the blood draw.
- Follow-up includes discussing results with the healthcare provider, who will advise on any further action or treatment plan.
Alternatives
- HCV antibody test to check exposure but does not quantify viral load.
- Liver function tests to assess overall liver health but not specific for HCV.
- Ultrasound or liver biopsy for assessing liver damage.
Pros:
- Antibody test is less sensitive but simpler and cheaper. Cons:
- Alternative tests do not provide as detailed information about viral load.
Patient Experience
Patients may experience a quick prick or mild discomfort during the blood draw. Post-procedure, there are typically no side effects. Pain management is generally not necessary.
Patients can resume normal activities immediately after the blood draw and await results from their healthcare provider.