Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); gastrointestinal pathogen (eg, Clostridium difficile, E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, norovirus, Giardia), includes multiplex reverse transcription, when performed, and multiplex amplified probe tech
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); gastrointestinal pathogen detection, includes multiplex reverse transcription, when performed, and multiplex amplified probe technology.
Summary
This procedure tests for gastrointestinal pathogens by detecting their DNA or RNA. It uses advanced technology to simultaneously check for multiple infections in a single test, helping to diagnose issues like Clostridium difficile, E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, norovirus, and Giardia.
Purpose
The goal of this procedure is to identify the specific gastrointestinal pathogen causing symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Rapid and accurate detection helps in administering the appropriate treatment quickly, minimizing complications and improving patient outcomes.
Indications
Patients exhibiting symptoms such as severe or persistent diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and vomiting may require this test. It’s also indicated for those suspected of having food poisoning or a gastrointestinal infection outbreak.
Preparation
Patients may be required to provide a stool sample and may need to avoid certain medications that could influence test results. No specific fasting or other preparations are typically necessary.
Procedure Description
- Sample Collection: A stool sample is collected from the patient.
- Laboratory Analysis: The sample is processed in a laboratory.
- Nucleic Acid Extraction: DNA or RNA is extracted from the pathogens in the sample.
- Multiplex Reverse Transcription (if RNA viruses are suspected): RNA is converted into DNA for testing.
- Amplification: Specific sequences of the pathogen’s DNA or RNA are amplified using a technology called PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).
- Detection: Specialized probes identify the amplified sequences, determining the presence of specific pathogens.
Duration
From collection to results, the entire process typically takes several hours to a few days, depending on the lab’s turnaround time.
Setting
This procedure is carried out in a clinical laboratory.
Personnel
Medical laboratory technicians and microbiologists perform the test.
Risks and Complications
There are minimal risks associated with providing a stool sample. Laboratory risks might include cross-contamination, but this is rare and minimized by strict lab protocols.
Benefits
The primary benefit is the rapid and accurate identification of the pathogen causing the infection. This enables timely and appropriate treatment. Results are generally available within a few days.
Recovery
Since this is a non-invasive test requiring only a stool sample, there’s no recovery period. Patients can resume normal activities immediately after the sample is collected.
Alternatives
Alternative methods include stool culture, antigen detection tests, and other molecular tests. These might be less comprehensive or slower but can still be effective in diagnosing infections.
Patient Experience
The patient only needs to provide a stool sample, which might be slightly uncomfortable or inconvenient but is generally painless. There is no pain associated with the test itself. Comfort and hygiene measures are provided to ensure a smooth sample collection process.