Culture, typing; identification by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) probe, direct probe technique, per culture or isolate, each organism probed
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Culture, Typing; Identification by Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA) Probe, Direct Probe Technique, Per Culture or Isolate, Each Organism Probed
Summary
This procedure involves using DNA or RNA probes to identify specific microorganisms directly from a culture sample. The technology allows for the rapid and accurate identification of pathogens by detecting their unique genetic material.
Purpose
The primary goal of this procedure is to accurately diagnose infections by identifying the exact organisms responsible. This information helps healthcare providers tailor treatment to the specific pathogens involved, improving patient outcomes.
Indications
This procedure is indicated for patients with infections that need precise identification of the causative organisms. It's particularly useful in cases where infection source is unknown or complex, and where rapid, accurate identification can significantly impact treatment decisions.
Preparation
- Patients typically do not need special preparation for the procedure itself.
- Clinicians may collect specimens from the suspected infection site, such as blood, tissue, or fluid.
- In certain cases, other diagnostic tests, like blood tests or imaging, might be performed beforehand to locate the infection source.
Procedure Description
- Sample Collection: A specimen is collected from the patient and cultured in the lab.
- Culture Growth: The specimen is allowed to grow to isolate the pathogens.
- DNA/RNA Probes: Specific nucleic acid probes are introduced to the culture.
- Detection: The probes bind to the DNA or RNA of the organism, allowing for its identification.
Tools and equipment:
- Culture media and plates
- Incubators
- DNA/RNA probes
- Detection systems (e.g., fluorescence microscopes)
This is a non-invasive procedure done on the cultured specimen, so no anesthesia or sedation is needed.
Duration
The culture growth can take a few hours to several days, while the probe identification process typically takes several hours.
Setting
Performed in a laboratory setting.
Personnel
- Medical laboratory scientists
- Microbiologists
Risks and Complications
Risks are minimal since this is an in-lab process involving patient samples rather than a direct patient procedure. Complications are rare but may include:
- Misidentification if the sample is contaminated or not handled properly.
Benefits
- Rapid and precise identification of pathogens.
- Enables targeted antibiotic treatment, potentially improving patient recovery times and outcomes.
- Reduces the need for broad-spectrum antibiotics, minimizing side effects and resistance.
Recovery
As the procedure involves lab work on patient samples, no recovery process is needed for the patient.
Alternatives
- Traditional Culture Methods: Slower, may take several days for results.
- Serological Tests: Detect antibodies, but less precise and slower.
- Molecular Methods (e.g., PCR): Highly sensitive but may require more specialized equipment and expertise.
Pros and cons depend on the clinical situation, turnaround time, and available resources.
Patient Experience
Since this involves lab testing on collected samples, the patient will not experience much during the procedure beyond standard sample collection. Any discomfort would mainly be from the initial sample collection process, such as a blood draw or swab.
Pain management is generally not necessary, but comfort measures during sample collection can include proper techniques and patient reassurance.