Name of the Procedure:

Culture, Typing; Identification by Nucleic Acid Sequencing Method (e.g., Sequencing of the 16S rRNA Gene)

Summary

This procedure involves identifying bacteria or other microorganisms by analyzing their genetic material. A sample from the patient is cultured and then examined using nucleic acid sequencing methods to determine the specific type of microorganism present.

Purpose

The procedure helps in accurately identifying the microorganism causing an infection or disease, allowing for targeted treatment. It is particularly useful when other methods of identification are inconclusive.

Indications

• Persistent infections where the causative organism is not clearly identified.
• Unusual or rare infections that require specific identification.
• Infections resistant to standard treatments.

Preparation

• Patients typically do not need special preparation.
• Samples may be taken from blood, tissue, or other infected areas.
• Previous diagnostic test results may be reviewed.

Procedure Description

1. A sample from an infected area is collected.
2. The sample is cultured to promote the growth of microorganisms.
3. Nucleic acid is isolated from the cultured microorganisms.
4. The 16S rRNA gene or other relevant genetic markers are sequenced.
5. The sequence is analyzed to identify the specific microorganism.

Duration

The entire process can take several days to a week, depending on the organism's growth rate and sequencing technique.

Setting

The procedure is typically performed in a medical laboratory equipped for genetic sequencing.

Personnel

• Clinical microbiologists
• Laboratory technicians
• Sometimes, infectious disease specialists

Risks and Complications

• Minimal risks are associated with sample collection, such as minor bleeding or pain.
• Rare risk of sample contamination leading to inaccurate results.

Benefits

• Precise identification of the causative microorganism.
• Facilitation of targeted and effective treatment.
• Improved patient outcomes by addressing the specific cause of infection.

Recovery

• No recovery required from the laboratory procedure itself.
• Follow-up involves acting on the results and adjusting treatments as necessary.

Alternatives

• Traditional culture and sensitivity testing.
• Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods without sequencing.
• Each alternative has its pros and cons, primarily related to accuracy, speed, and scope of identification.

Patient Experience

• Minimal discomfort during sample collection.
• No pain associated with the laboratory analysis.
• Patients receive results that help inform their treatment plan.