Name of the Procedure:

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Antibody; Native or Double-Stranded (dsDNA Antibody Test)

Summary

The dsDNA Antibody Test is a blood test used to detect the presence of specific antibodies that target native or double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the blood. These antibodies are often associated with autoimmune disorders, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Purpose

The test helps diagnose and monitor autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Positive results indicate the immune system mistakenly attacking the body's own DNA, contributing to the disease's symptoms and progression.

Indications

• Persistent symptoms such as joint pain, fatigue, rash, and fever.
• Clinical suspicion of autoimmune disorders, particularly SLE.
• Monitoring disease activity and treatment effectiveness in known SLE patients.

Preparation

• No special preparation is typically needed.
• Patients may need to inform their healthcare provider about any medications they are currently taking, as some medications can affect test results.

Procedure Description

1. A healthcare professional will draw a blood sample, usually from a vein in the arm.
2. The blood sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.
3. In the lab, the sample is tested for the presence of antibodies that bind to native or double-stranded DNA.

Duration

The blood draw takes just a few minutes. Laboratory analysis can take several days.

Setting

The blood sample is usually taken in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or laboratory collection center.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse to draw the blood sample.
• Laboratory technicians to analyze the sample.

Risks and Complications

• Minor pain or bruising at the needle insertion site.
• Rarely, infection or bleeding where the needle was inserted.

Benefits

• Helps confirm a diagnosis of autoimmune disorders like SLE.
• Assists in monitoring disease activity and response to treatment.
• Can lead to timely and appropriate management of the disease.

Recovery

• No specific recovery needed from the blood draw.
• Patients can typically resume normal activities immediately post-procedure.

Alternatives

• Other autoimmune antibody tests (e.g., anti-Smith antibody, anti-Ro/SSA, and anti-La/SSB).
• Clinical evaluation and imaging studies to support diagnosis.
• Each alternative has its own pros and cons, such as specificity, sensitivity, and cost.

Patient Experience

• Minimal discomfort during the blood draw.
• Results discussion with a healthcare provider to understand the implications and next steps.
• Minimal to no downtime after the procedure.