Name of the Procedure:

Calprotectin, fecal (also known as Fecal Calprotectin Test)

Summary

A fecal calprotectin test measures the level of calprotectin, a protein, in the stool. This helps to identify inflammation in the intestines.

Purpose

The procedure is primarily used to distinguish between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and non-inflammatory conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). It helps in monitoring disease activity and the effectiveness of treatment.

Indications

• Persistent diarrhea
• Blood in stool
• Unexplained weight loss
• Abdominal pain
• Patients with known IBD for monitoring disease activity

Preparation

• No special preparation is needed.
• Patients may be advised to avoid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for several days before the test to prevent false positives.

Procedure Description

1. The patient collects a small stool sample using a provided kit.
2. The sample is then sent to a laboratory, where it is analyzed for calprotectin levels.
3. The analysis is usually done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or similar technology.

Duration

Collecting the stool sample takes a few minutes. Laboratory analysis typically takes a few days.

Setting

The procedure is performed at home, and the sample is delivered to a laboratory for analysis.

Personnel

• Laboratory technicians analyze the sample.
• A physician interprets the test results.

Risks and Complications

• There are no direct risks associated with providing a stool sample.
• Rarely, incorrect handling or contamination of the sample could lead to inaccurate results.

Benefits

• Non-invasive and easy to perform.
• Helps in differentiating between inflammatory and non-inflammatory bowel conditions.
• Guides treatment and monitoring strategies for patients with IBD.

Recovery

• No recovery time is required.
• Patients can resume normal activities immediately after collecting the sample.

Alternatives

• Endoscopic procedures like colonoscopy, though more invasive, can provide direct visualization of the intestines.
• Blood tests may be used, but they are less specific for intestinal inflammation.

Patient Experience

Patients might feel a little discomfort during stool collection but generally find the process straightforward. No pain management is necessary. Results will be discussed with a healthcare provider to determine the next steps.