Name of the Procedure:

Alpha-1-Antitrypsin; Total
Common names: AAT test, Alpha-1-protease inhibitor analysis

Summary

The Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) test measures the amount of alpha-1-antitrypsin protein in your blood. This protein protects the lungs and liver from damage.

Purpose

The AAT test helps diagnose alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, which can lead to serious lung and liver diseases. The goal is to identify deficiency early to manage and prevent complications effectively.

Indications

• Unexplained liver disease in infants or adults
• Early-onset emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• Family history of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
• Unusual liver function test results without an obvious cause

Preparation

There are typically no special preparations required for the AAT blood test. However, it's important to inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking as some may affect the results.

Procedure Description

1. A healthcare professional will clean the site on your arm where the blood will be drawn.
2. An elastic band will be placed around your upper arm to fill the veins with blood.
3. A needle is inserted into a vein, and blood is collected into a vial or tube.
4. The blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis.

Duration

The blood draw typically takes just a few minutes.

Setting

This procedure is performed in a laboratory, clinic, or a hospital.

Personnel

• Phlebotomist or nurse to perform the blood draw
• Laboratory technicians to analyze the blood sample
• Healthcare provider to interpret results

Risks and Complications

• Mild risk of bruising or bleeding at the puncture site
• Slight risk of infection
• Rarely, patients may feel lightheaded or faint during the blood draw

Benefits

• Early diagnosis of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
• Helps in early intervention and management of related conditions
• Provides valuable information for family genetic counseling

Recovery

• Minimal recovery needed; you can resume normal activities immediately
• Keep the puncture site clean and apply pressure if bruising occurs

Alternatives

• Genetic testing for alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
• Liver biopsy, though more invasive
• Pulmonary function tests for assessing lung capacity

Patient Experience

During the procedure, you may feel a brief pinching or stinging sensation. Post-procedure, keep the puncture site clean and watch for any signs of infection. Pain and discomfort are generally minimal and short-lived.