Kidney imaging morphology; with vascular flow and function, single study, with pharmacological intervention (eg, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and/or diuretic)
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Kidney Imaging Morphology with Vascular Flow and Function, Single Study, with Pharmacological Intervention (e.g., ACE Inhibitors and/or Diuretics)
Summary
This procedure involves imaging the kidneys to evaluate their structure, blood flow, and function. A single study is performed with the aid of pharmacological agents like ACE inhibitors or diuretics to enhance the accuracy of the assessment.
Purpose
The procedure is designed to identify abnormalities in kidney structure and function, evaluate blood flow within the kidneys, and ascertain how well the kidneys are working. It helps diagnose various kidney disorders and conditions, such as renal artery stenosis, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension.
Indications
- Persistent high blood pressure (hypertension)
- Suspected renal artery stenosis
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- Unexplained changes in kidney function
- Monitoring kidney transplants
Specific symptoms include uncontrolled hypertension, swelling in the legs or ankles, and abnormal blood tests indicating kidney issues.
Preparation
- Patients may need to fast for a few hours before the procedure.
- Adjustments in medication may be required, especially blood pressure medications.
- Pre-procedure diagnostic tests could include blood tests and baseline imaging studies for comparison.
Procedure Description
- The patient is positioned on the imaging table.
- A contrast agent may be administered intravenously to enhance imaging clarity.
- Pharmacological agents like ACE inhibitors or diuretics are given to better visualize kidney function and blood flow.
- The patient undergoes various imaging scans, including ultrasound, CT, or MRI, to capture detailed images.
- The imaging captures both pre- and post-intervention data to analyze kidney responses.
No sedation or anesthesia is typically required, but patient comfort is prioritized.
Duration
The procedure usually takes between 1 to 2 hours.
Setting
The procedure is typically performed in a hospital radiology department or an outpatient imaging center.
Personnel
- Radiologist
- Radiologic technologist
- Nurse
Risks and Complications
- Allergic reaction to the contrast agent
- Potential side effects from pharmacological agents (e.g., low blood pressure)
- Discomfort or pain at the injection site
Rare risks include kidney damage from the contrast agent, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney disease.
Benefits
- Accurate diagnosis of kidney-related issues
- Non-invasive procedure with minimal discomfort
- Immediate insights into kidney function and blood flow
Results are usually available within a day, with benefits realized immediately as they guide treatment decisions.
Recovery
- Patients can usually resume normal activities immediately after the procedure.
- Hydration is encouraged to help flush out the contrast agent.
- Follow-up appointments may be recommended based on the results.
Alternatives
- Standard ultrasound or MRI without pharmacological intervention
- Nuclear medicine kidney scan
- Invasive angiography for detailed blood vessel assessment
Each alternative has its own pros and cons in terms of accuracy, invasiveness, and potential risks.
Patient Experience
Patients may feel a brief sting during the IV insertion for the contrast agent and pharmacological drugs. Some may experience mild discomfort from lying still during the imaging. Post-procedure, patients generally feel normal and can go about their day with minimal restrictions. Pain management and comfort measures are available if needed.