Liver imaging (SPECT); with vascular flow
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Liver Imaging (SPECT) with Vascular Flow
Common Name: SPECT Liver Scan
Technical Term: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) with Vascular Flow Study
Summary
A SPECT liver scan with vascular flow is an imaging test that evaluates blood flow and the structure of the liver. It uses a small amount of radioactive material and a specialized camera to create detailed images.
Purpose
The procedure helps detect abnormalities in liver function and blood flow, aiding in the diagnosis of conditions like liver tumors, cirrhosis, and other liver-related diseases. It aims to provide clear images of both liver tissue and its blood supply.
Indications
- Symptoms: Abdominal pain, jaundice, unexplained weight loss.
- Conditions: Suspected liver diseases such as tumors, cirrhosis, and liver infections.
- Criteria: Patients with abnormal liver function tests, or those undergoing evaluation for liver transplantation.
Preparation
- Fasting: Typically, no fasting required.
- Medication: Continue routine medications unless otherwise instructed by your doctor.
- Pre-procedure Tests: Blood tests and potentially an ultrasound or CT scan.
Procedure Description
- Radiotracer Injection: A small amount of radioactive material is injected into a vein.
- Circulation: The patient waits as the tracer circulates through the body to the liver.
- Imaging: The patient lies on a table, and a SPECT camera rotates around the torso, capturing images.
- Vascular Flow Study: Additional images are taken over time to assess blood flow through the liver vessels.
Tools and Equipment:
- SPECT camera
- Gamma rays detector
- Radiotracer (e.g., Technetium-99m)
Anesthesia: Generally, none required. The procedure is painless.
Duration
Approximately 1-2 hours, including the wait time for the radiotracer to circulate.
Setting
Conducted in a hospital's nuclear medicine department or a specialized outpatient imaging center.
Personnel
- Radiologist
- Nuclear medicine technologist
Risks and Complications
- Common: Minor discomfort or bruising at the injection site.
Rare: Allergic reaction to the radiotracer, infection at the injection site.
Benefits
- Provides critical information on liver function and blood flow.
- Non-invasive with minimal discomfort.
Recovery
- Post-procedure: Drink plenty of fluids to help flush out the radiotracer.
- Activity Restrictions: None; patients can resume normal activities immediately.
- Follow-up: Results are typically discussed in a follow-up appointment with your doctor.
Alternatives
- Ultrasound: Non-radioactive but less detailed.
- MRI: Higher detail but more expensive and time-consuming.
- CT Scan: Provides structural details but less functional information.
Pros and Cons:
- SPECT: Offers detailed functional and flow information but involves radiation.
- Ultrasound/MRI: No radiation but may not provide comprehensive flow details.
Patient Experience
The procedure is usually well-tolerated. During the scan, patients need to remain still but can usually listen to music for comfort. Post-procedure, they might experience slight soreness at the injection site, but pain is minimal and manageable with over-the-counter pain relievers if needed.