Fetal biophysical profile; with non-stress testing
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Fetal Biophysical Profile (BPP); with Non-Stress Testing (NST)
Summary
A Fetal Biophysical Profile (BPP) is a prenatal ultrasound evaluation of a baby's well-being, often combined with a non-stress test (NST). The procedure assesses various aspects of fetal health, including movement, muscle tone, heart rate, and amniotic fluid volume.
Purpose
Medical Condition or Problem It Addresses: The BPP with NST is used to monitor fetal health and detect potential issues that may complicate a pregnancy.
Goals or Expected Outcomes: The primary goal is to ensure the baby is healthy and to identify any potential problems that may require medical intervention.
Indications
Specific Symptoms or Conditions:
- Decreased fetal movement
- High-risk pregnancy conditions (e.g., gestational diabetes, hypertension)
- Post-term pregnancy (more than 40 weeks gestation)
- Previous pregnancy complications
- Suspected fetal growth issues
Patient Criteria or Factors:
- History of stillbirth
- Multiple pregnancies
- Underlying maternal health conditions
Preparation
Pre-Procedure Instructions:
- No specific fasting required.
- May be advised to eat or drink sugary beverages to stimulate fetal movements.
- Avoid smoking or caffeine prior to the test.
Diagnostic Tests or Assessments:
- Routine prenatal check-ups.
- Previous ultrasound results for comparison.
Procedure Description
Step-by-Step Explanation:
- Non-Stress Test (NST):
- A belt with sensors is placed around the mother's abdomen to monitor fetal heart rate and response to movements.
- The mother is usually asked to press a button each time she feels fetal movement.
Ultrasound Evaluation:
- The mother lies down, and a technician performs an ultrasound.
- The baby's movements, muscle tone, breathing patterns, and amniotic fluid volume are assessed.
Tools, Equipment, or Technology:
- Fetal heart rate monitor (for NST).
- Ultrasound machine.
Anesthesia or Sedation:
- None required.
Duration
Typically takes about 30 to 60 minutes.
Setting
Performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or a specialized prenatal care center.
Personnel
- Obstetrician or Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialist
- Ultrasound Technician
- Nurse
Risks and Complications
Common and Rare Risks:
- No significant risks as it is a non-invasive procedure.
- Rare: Discomfort from lying down for an extended period.
Possible Complications:
- None related to the procedure itself; however, abnormal results may indicate the need for further testing or intervention.
Benefits
Expected Benefits:
- Provides comprehensive information about fetal well-being.
- Helps in early detection and management of potential complications.
- Peace of mind for expectant parents.
Recovery
Post-Procedure Care:
- No special post-procedure care needed.
- Patient can resume normal activities immediately.
Expected Recovery Time:
- Immediate.
Follow-Up:
- Follow-up appointments may be scheduled depending on the results.
Alternatives
Other Treatment Options:
- Regular fetal heart rate monitoring.
- Doppler ultrasound studies.
Pros and Cons of Alternatives:
- Regular monitoring does not provide as detailed a picture of fetal well-being as a BPP.
- Doppler studies are useful but are typically part of more comprehensive testing strategies.
Patient Experience
During the Procedure:
- The mother may feel mild discomfort from the belts and sensors.
- The ultrasound probe is typically non-intrusive but may feel slightly cold due to the gel.
After the Procedure:
- Generally pain-free with no lasting discomfort.
- Results may be discussed immediately or at a follow-up appointment.
Pain Management and Comfort Measures:
- No pain management required.
- Adjustments in position can be made for comfort during the test.