Name of the Procedure:

Fetal Biophysical Profile (BPP); with Non-Stress Testing (NST)

Summary

A Fetal Biophysical Profile (BPP) is a prenatal ultrasound evaluation of a baby's well-being, often combined with a non-stress test (NST). The procedure assesses various aspects of fetal health, including movement, muscle tone, heart rate, and amniotic fluid volume.

Purpose

Medical Condition or Problem It Addresses: The BPP with NST is used to monitor fetal health and detect potential issues that may complicate a pregnancy.

Goals or Expected Outcomes: The primary goal is to ensure the baby is healthy and to identify any potential problems that may require medical intervention.

Indications

Specific Symptoms or Conditions:

• Decreased fetal movement
• High-risk pregnancy conditions (e.g., gestational diabetes, hypertension)
• Post-term pregnancy (more than 40 weeks gestation)
• Previous pregnancy complications
• Suspected fetal growth issues

Patient Criteria or Factors:

• History of stillbirth
• Multiple pregnancies
• Underlying maternal health conditions

Preparation

Pre-Procedure Instructions:

• No specific fasting required.
• May be advised to eat or drink sugary beverages to stimulate fetal movements.
• Avoid smoking or caffeine prior to the test.

Diagnostic Tests or Assessments:

• Routine prenatal check-ups.
• Previous ultrasound results for comparison.

Procedure Description

Step-by-Step Explanation:

1. Non-Stress Test (NST):
   • A belt with sensors is placed around the mother's abdomen to monitor fetal heart rate and response to movements.
   • The mother is usually asked to press a button each time she feels fetal movement.

2. Ultrasound Evaluation:

   • The mother lies down, and a technician performs an ultrasound.
   • The baby's movements, muscle tone, breathing patterns, and amniotic fluid volume are assessed.

   Tools, Equipment, or Technology:

   • Fetal heart rate monitor (for NST).
   • Ultrasound machine.

Anesthesia or Sedation:

• None required.

Duration

Typically takes about 30 to 60 minutes.

Setting

Performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or a specialized prenatal care center.

Personnel

• Obstetrician or Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialist
• Ultrasound Technician
• Nurse

Risks and Complications

Common and Rare Risks:

• No significant risks as it is a non-invasive procedure.
• Rare: Discomfort from lying down for an extended period.

Possible Complications:

• None related to the procedure itself; however, abnormal results may indicate the need for further testing or intervention.

Benefits

Expected Benefits:

• Provides comprehensive information about fetal well-being.
• Helps in early detection and management of potential complications.
• Peace of mind for expectant parents.

Recovery

Post-Procedure Care:

• No special post-procedure care needed.
• Patient can resume normal activities immediately.

Expected Recovery Time:

• Immediate.

Follow-Up:

• Follow-up appointments may be scheduled depending on the results.

Alternatives

Other Treatment Options:

• Regular fetal heart rate monitoring.
• Doppler ultrasound studies.

Pros and Cons of Alternatives:

• Regular monitoring does not provide as detailed a picture of fetal well-being as a BPP.
• Doppler studies are useful but are typically part of more comprehensive testing strategies.

Patient Experience

During the Procedure:

• The mother may feel mild discomfort from the belts and sensors.
• The ultrasound probe is typically non-intrusive but may feel slightly cold due to the gel.

After the Procedure:

• Generally pain-free with no lasting discomfort.
• Results may be discussed immediately or at a follow-up appointment.

Pain Management and Comfort Measures:

• No pain management required.
• Adjustments in position can be made for comfort during the test.