Name of the Procedure:

Computed Tomography (CT) Heart, without contrast material, with quantitative evaluation of coronary calcium

Summary

A Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the heart that does not use contrast material and is specifically designed to measure the amount of calcium in the coronary arteries. The presence of calcium deposits can indicate the extent of coronary artery disease.

Purpose

The primary goal of this procedure is to detect and quantify calcium buildup in the arteries of the heart. This helps in the diagnosis and assessment of coronary artery disease, and provides valuable information on the risk of heart attacks.

Indications

This procedure is recommended for individuals at risk of coronary artery disease, typically those with risk factors such as a family history of heart disease, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, or those with an unhealthy lifestyle.

Preparation

Patients usually do not need to fast before the procedure. It is important to inform the healthcare provider about all medications being taken, as certain adjustments may be necessary. No special diagnostic tests are typically required beforehand.

Procedure Description

1. The patient lies on a table attached to the CT scanner.
2. Electrodes are placed on the chest to monitor the heart's activity.
3. The table slides into the CT scanner, which takes detailed images of the heart.
4. The patient may need to hold their breath momentarily during the scan.

Tool: CT scanner No anesthesia or sedation is required as the procedure is non-invasive and painless.

Duration

The actual scanning process takes about 10-15 minutes, although the total time including preparation may be around 30 minutes.

Setting

The procedure is usually performed in a hospital radiology department or an outpatient imaging center.

Personnel

• Radiologist
• Radiologic technologist
• Cardiologist (for interpretation)

Risks and Complications

• Exposure to a small amount of radiation, although the risk is generally low.
• False positives or negatives, leading to further testing or missed diagnosis.

Benefits

• Non-invasive and quick procedure.
• Provides precise measurement of coronary artery calcium.
• Helps in identifying individuals at high risk of coronary artery disease before symptoms appear.

Recovery

No recovery time is needed. Patients can resume normal activities immediately after the procedure. Follow-up may be necessary if significant findings are detected.

Alternatives

• Stress tests: Assess the heart’s function under stress but do not provide a calcium score.
• Coronary angiography: More invasive and involves the use of contrast material.

Pros and cons:

• Stress tests do not expose patients to radiation but may not detect calcium buildup.
• Coronary angiography is more detailed but carries higher risks and costs.

Patient Experience

Patients may experience a slight discomfort from lying still and holding their breath during scanning, but there should be no pain. Minimal preparation and no recovery time make it a convenient procedure for most patients.