Computed tomography, heart, with contrast material, for evaluation of cardiac structure and morphology (including 3D image postprocessing, assessment of cardiac function, and evaluation of venous structures, if performed)
CPT4 code
Name of the Procedure:
Computed Tomography (CT) of the Heart with Contrast Material
Commonly known as Cardiac CT or Heart CT
Summary
A Cardiac CT scan with contrast is a non-invasive imaging procedure that uses X-rays and contrast dye to create detailed 3D images of the heart and its structures. It's used to evaluate the heart's structure, morphology, function, and venous structures.
Purpose
This procedure aims to diagnose and assess various heart conditions, including coronary artery disease, heart valve issues, congenital heart defects, and problems with the heart's chambers. The ultimate goal is to provide clear images that help in accurate diagnosis and guide treatment decisions.
Indications
- Chest pain of unknown origin
- Unexplained shortness of breath
- Suspected coronary artery disease
- Assessment of cardiac tumors
- Pre-operative evaluation for cardiac surgery
- Monitoring known or suspected heart abnormalities
Preparation
- Patients may need to fast for 4-6 hours before the procedure.
- Certain medications, especially those affecting heart rate, may need adjustment.
- Patients should inform their doctor of any allergies, particularly to iodine or contrast material.
- Prior to the procedure, a kidney function test may be required.
Procedure Description
- The patient lies on a CT scanner table.
- Intravenous (IV) contrast material is administered to highlight the heart and blood vessels.
- The patient may be given medication to slow the heart rate for clearer images.
- The table moves through the scanner as X-rays rotate around the body, capturing detailed images.
- Advanced software reconstructs these images into 3D models.
- If assessing cardiac function, multiple images may be taken before and after the administration of a beta-blocker or nitroglycerin.
Duration
The scan itself typically takes 10-20 minutes, but the entire process, including preparation, may take up to an hour.
Setting
This procedure is usually performed in a hospital radiology department or an outpatient imaging center.
Personnel
- Radiologist
- Radiologic technologist
- Nurse or technician for IV placement and medication administration
Risks and Complications
- Allergic reaction to contrast material
- Kidney damage in patients with pre-existing kidney issues
- Exposure to radiation, though the level is generally low
- Rarely, complications from IV insertion
Benefits
- Provides detailed images of heart structures and blood vessels
- Non-invasive and relatively quick
- Can guide further treatment plans or interventions
- Helps in early diagnosis of potentially life-threatening conditions
Recovery
- Resume normal activities immediately unless otherwise advised
- Hydrate well to help flush out the contrast material
- Monitor for any delayed allergic reactions to the contrast dye
- Follow-up appointments as needed based on findings
Alternatives
- Echocardiogram: Non-invasive, but less detailed images
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the heart: No radiation, but longer and more expensive
- Nuclear stress test: Functional assessment without anatomical detail Each alternative has its own benefits and limitations, which should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Patient Experience
Patients may feel a warm sensation when contrast dye is injected and some pressure from the IV insertion. Lying still during the scan is required. Post-procedure, drinking plenty of fluids is recommended for comfort and to help eliminate the contrast material. Pain and discomfort are minimal, and most patients can return to their usual activities immediately.