Name of the Procedure:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Fetus, including Placental and Maternal Pelvic Imaging; Each Additional Gestation

Summary

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the fetus is a non-invasive imaging technique using magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the fetus, placenta, and maternal pelvic region. This specific procedure can be extended to visualize each additional fetus in cases of multiple gestations.

Purpose

The procedure is used to obtain detailed images of the fetal structure and development, the placenta, and the maternal pelvic anatomy. It helps in diagnosing and monitoring fetal abnormalities, placental issues, and maternal complications. The goals are to ensure the health and development of the fetus(es) and to plan for any necessary medical interventions.

Indications

• Suspected fetal anomalies not clearly visible on ultrasound
• Placental abnormalities (e.g., placenta previa, placental abruption)
• Maternal conditions affecting pregnancy (e.g., uterine fibroids)
• Multiple gestations requiring detailed fetal assessment
• High-risk pregnancies requiring comprehensive fetal evaluation

Preparation

• No special preparation is typically required.
• Patients should inform their healthcare provider of any metal implants or devices.
• In some cases, fasting may be required.
• Relevant maternal and fetal health records and previous imaging studies should be available.

Procedure Description

1. The patient lies down on the MRI table.
2. A series of coils are placed around the abdomen to capture detailed images.
3. The table slides into the MRI machine, and imaging begins.
4. The patient must remain still to ensure clear images.
5. The procedure is repeated for each additional gestation if multiple fetuses are present.
6. The technologist may communicate with the patient via intercom to provide instructions.

Duration

Typically, the procedure takes about 30–60 minutes for a single gestation, with additional time required for each extra fetus imaged.

Setting

The procedure is performed in a hospital or specialized outpatient imaging center equipped with MRI facilities.

Personnel

• Radiologist
• MRI technologist
• Obstetrician (may be consulted for specific indications)

Risks and Complications

• Rare risk of allergic reaction if contrast material is used
• Possible feelings of claustrophobia
• Minor discomfort from lying still for an extended period
• Overheating in some cases, but this is closely monitored

Benefits

• High-resolution images that can reveal abnormalities not visible on ultrasound
• Non-invasive with no radiation exposure
• Aids in diagnosing and managing fetal and placental conditions, improving outcomes for mother and child

Recovery

• No specific recovery time required.
• Patients can usually return to normal activities immediately.
• Follow-up appointments may be scheduled based on findings.

Alternatives

• Ultrasound: Frequently used but may be less detailed.
  • Pros: More widely available, less expensive.
  • Cons: May not provide as clear or detailed images for certain conditions.
• 3D Ultrasound: Enhanced ultrasound imaging.
  • Pros: Provides better detail than standard ultrasound.
  • Cons: Still less detailed than MRI for certain anomalies.

Patient Experience

• During the procedure, the patient may hear loud thumping or knocking noises from the MRI machine; earplugs or headphones are usually provided.
• The patient might feel warm but should not be in pain.
• Communication with the technologist is possible throughout the procedure.
• After the procedure, there are usually minimal to no side effects, and normal activities can be resumed immediately.