Name of the Procedure:

Computed tomography, upper extremity; without contrast material, followed by contrast material(s) and further sections. Commonly known as a CT scan with contrast of the arm or leg.

Summary

A CT scan of the upper extremity uses X-rays and computer technology to produce detailed cross-sectional images of the arm or shoulder. Initially, images are taken without contrast material, followed by additional images after a contrast dye is injected to highlight blood vessels and tissues.

Purpose

• Medical conditions addressed: Injuries, tumors, infections, blood vessel abnormalities.
• Goals: Provide detailed images to help diagnose conditions, plan treatments, or guide surgical procedures.

Indications

• Symptoms such as acute or chronic pain, swelling, or abnormal appearance of the arm/shoulder.
• Conditions like fractures, dislocations, tumors, or infections that do not show up well on standard X-rays.
• Patients with suspected vascular abnormalities or blood clots.

Preparation

• Fasting for 4-6 hours before the procedure.
• Possible adjustments to certain medications as instructed by the healthcare provider.
• Pre-assessment of kidney function if contrast dye is to be used.

Procedure Description

1. Initial Setup:
   • Patient changes into a hospital gown and removes any metal objects.
2. Positioning:
   • The patient lies on a motorized table, arm positioned at the side or on a specialized rest.
3. Initial Scan:
   • An initial set of images is taken without contrast material.
4. Contrast Administration:
   • A contrast dye is injected intravenously; the patient may feel a warm sensation.
5. Further Sections:
   • Additional images are taken to observe the contrast-enhanced structures.

Tools and Equipment:

• CT scanner, contrast dye, intravenous access equipment.

Anesthesia:

• Usually not required. If anxiety is a concern, mild sedation may be used.

Duration

The entire procedure typically takes about 30-60 minutes.

Setting

Performed in a radiology department of a hospital or a specialized imaging center.

Personnel

• Radiologist
• Radiologic technologist
• Nurse or medical assistant (for intravenous access and patient care)

Risks and Complications

• Common risks: Allergic reaction to contrast dye, discomfort during IV placement.
• Rare risks: Kidney damage from contrast dye, radiation exposure, infection at IV site.
• Management includes careful monitoring and pre-procedure assessment of kidney function.

Benefits

• High-resolution images for accurate diagnosis.
• Non-invasive with minimal discomfort.
• Quick recovery and immediate return to normal activities.

Recovery

• Post-procedure: Generally immediate, with patients able to resume normal activities immediately.
• Instructions: Stay hydrated to help flush out the contrast dye.
• Follow-up: A consultation to discuss results with the healthcare provider.

Alternatives

• MRI: Offers detailed soft tissue images without radiation.
• Ultrasound: Useful for evaluating soft tissue and blood flow but less detailed for bones.
• X-rays: Good for initial bone assessment but less detailed compared to a CT scan.

Pros and cons should be discussed with the healthcare provider based on the specific clinical scenario.

Patient Experience

• During: May feel slight discomfort from IV insertion and mild warmth from the contrast dye.
• After: Generally, no significant side effects. Drink plenty of fluids to help remove the contrast dye.
• Pain management is usually not necessary, but over-the-counter pain relief can be used if needed for IV site discomfort.