Name of the Procedure:

Embryo Transfer, Intrauterine
Common names: IVF Embryo Transfer, Intrauterine Embryo Transfer

Summary

Embryo transfer is a key step in the process of in vitro fertilization (IVF) where fertilized embryos are placed directly into a woman’s uterus to facilitate pregnancy.

Purpose

Embryo transfer treats infertility, allowing couples or individuals who have trouble conceiving to achieve pregnancy. The goal is a successful implantation of the embryo in the uterus and subsequent pregnancy.

Indications

• Infertility due to blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
• Unexplained infertility
• Male factor infertility (low sperm count or motility)
• Ovulation disorders
• Genetic disorders requiring embryo screening

Preparation

• Hormonal medications to prepare the uterine lining
• Blood tests to measure hormone levels
• Ultrasounds to check the uterine lining and ovaries
• Avoid heavy meals and bladder might need to be full for the procedure

Procedure Description

1. Preparation: A speculum is inserted into the vagina to access the cervix, and sometimes a mild sedative is administered.
2. Embryo Loading: The selected embryo(s) are loaded into a fine catheter along with a small amount of fluid.
3. Transfer: The catheter is gently inserted through the cervix and into the uterus, where the embryo(s) are carefully released.
4. Final Steps: The catheter is removed, and the patient is usually asked to rest for a short time.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 15 to 30 minutes.

Setting

Embryo transfer is usually performed in a fertility clinic or an outpatient clinic equipped for such procedures.

Personnel

• Reproductive endocrinologist or fertility specialist
• Fertility nurses
• Embryologist

Risks and Complications

• Mild cramping or spotting
• Multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.)
• Ectopic pregnancy (rare)
• Infection (very rare)

Benefits

Successful embryo transfer can result in pregnancy and ultimately the birth of a child. The outcomes can be immediate if the embryo successfully implants.

Recovery

Post-procedure, patients are often instructed to:

• Rest for a short period in the clinic
• Avoid strenuous activities for a few days
• Follow up with blood tests to confirm pregnancy status after about 9-14 days

Alternatives

• Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
• Use of donor eggs or sperm
• Adoption
• Surrogacy Each alternative has its own risks, benefits, and success rates, which should be discussed with a fertility specialist.

Patient Experience

Patients may feel mild discomfort or cramping during and shortly after the procedure. Pain management usually includes over-the-counter pain relief if needed. Resting and avoiding heavy activities are recommended for a brief period post-procedure to aid successful implantation.