Name of the Procedure:

Cystourethroscopy with Biopsy(s)

• Common Name: Bladder and urethra endoscopy with tissue sampling
• Technical/Medical Term: Cystourethroscopy

Summary

Cystourethroscopy with biopsy involves using a thin, flexible tube equipped with a camera (cystoscope) to visually inspect the interior of the bladder and urethra. During the procedure, small samples of tissue (biopsies) may be taken for further examination under a microscope.

Purpose

The procedure addresses various conditions affecting the bladder and urethra, such as infections, abnormal growths, or structural abnormalities. The goals are to diagnose, assess the severity, and guide treatment plans for these conditions.

Indications

• Unexplained blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Recurrent urinary tract infections
• Abnormal imaging or lab results
• Symptoms of bladder dysfunction, such as pain or frequent urination
• Monitoring the bladder for tumor recurrence in cancer patients

Preparation

• Patients are usually advised to avoid eating or drinking for a few hours before the procedure.
• Adjustments to medications, particularly blood thinners, may be necessary.
• A urine sample may be required prior to the procedure to rule out infection.

Procedure Description

1. The patient is positioned comfortably on the examination table.
2. Local anesthesia is usually applied to the urethra to minimize discomfort.
3. The cystoscope, lubricated for ease, is gently inserted through the urethra into the bladder.
4. A sterile solution may be instilled into the bladder to improve visibility.
5. The healthcare provider visually examines the bladder and urethra via the cystoscope.
6. If abnormal areas are identified, small instruments are passed through the cystoscope to take tissue biopsies.
7. The cystoscope is carefully removed once the examination and biopsies are complete.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 15 to 30 minutes.

Setting

Cystourethroscopy with biopsy is usually performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or surgical center equipped for endoscopic procedures.

Personnel

• Urologist or specialized surgeon
• Nursing staff
• Anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist (if sedation is used)

Risks and Complications

• Temporary discomfort or pain during and after the procedure
• Bleeding or infection at the biopsy site
• Rarely, injury to the urethra or bladder
• Allergic reaction to anesthesia or the sterile solution used

Benefits

• Accurate diagnosis of bladder and urethral conditions
• Early detection of tumors or abnormal growths
• Guidance for effective treatment strategies
• Relief of symptoms through targeted interventions

Recovery

• Patients can usually go home the same day.
• Mild burning and a small amount of blood in the urine may occur for a day or two.
• Drinking plenty of fluids can help flush the bladder.
• Avoiding strenuous activity and heavy lifting for a short period may be recommended.
• Follow-up appointments for biopsy results and further management will be scheduled.

Alternatives

• Imaging studies like ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI
• Non-invasive urine tests or urine cytology
• Pros: Less discomfort and lower risk of complications; Cons: May not provide as detailed information as a direct visual and tissue examination.

Patient Experience

During the procedure, patients might feel mild pressure and discomfort. Post-procedure, some patients experience mild burning and see blood in their urine, which usually resolves quickly. Pain management typically involves over-the-counter pain relievers and following post-care instructions to ensure comfort and promote healing.