Name of the Procedure:

Cystourethroscopy
Common name(s): Cystoscopy, Bladder Scope

Summary

A cystourethroscopy is a medical procedure that allows doctors to examine the lining of the bladder and the urethra (the tube that carries urine out of the body). It involves the use of a special scope called a cystoscope, which is a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light at the end.

Purpose

• To diagnose and evaluate problems in the urinary tract.
• To identify causes of symptoms like frequent urinary infections, blood in urine, and painful urination.
• To guide treatment of urinary tract conditions.

Indications

• Recurrent urinary tract infections.
• Blood in urine (hematuria).
• Painful or frequent urination.
• Urinary retention or difficulty urinating.
• Unusual findings on imaging studies (e.g., ultrasound, CT scans).
• Monitoring of urinary tract cancers.

Preparation

• Patients may be advised to drink plenty of fluids to ensure a full bladder.
• Fasting is generally not required.
• Inform the doctor of any medications or allergies.
• A urine sample might be needed before the procedure.
• Antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection.

Procedure Description

1. The patient is positioned on an examination table.
2. A local anesthetic jelly is applied to the urethra to numb the area.
3. The cystoscope is gently inserted into the urethra and slowly advanced into the bladder.
4. Sterile water or saline is used to fill the bladder, allowing the doctor to see the bladder lining more clearly.
5. The doctor examines the bladder and urethra for abnormalities.
6. If needed, small instruments can be passed through the cystoscope to take tissue samples or remove stones.

Duration

The procedure typically takes about 15 to 30 minutes.

Setting

Cystourethroscopy is usually performed in an outpatient clinic, urology office, or hospital.

Personnel

• Urologist (specialist doctor)
• Nurses
• Medical assistants

Risks and Complications

• Discomfort or pain during urination for a few days.
• Urinary tract infections.
• Bleeding from the urethra.
• Rarely, injury or perforation of the bladder or urethra.

Benefits

• Accurate diagnosis of urinary tract conditions.
• Helps guide appropriate treatment.
• Immediate visual inspection and intervention if necessary.

Recovery

• Increase fluid intake to help flush the bladder.
• Mild pain relievers can be used to manage discomfort.
• Avoid strenuous activities for 24-48 hours.
• Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss findings and next steps.

Alternatives

• Imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI.
• Non-invasive urine tests.
• Pros: Less discomfort, no risk of invasive complications.
• Cons: May not provide as detailed information as cystoscopy, limited in therapeutic interventions.

Patient Experience

• During the procedure, patients might feel slight discomfort or the urge to urinate.
• Post-procedure, there may be mild burning during urination or small amounts of blood in the urine.
• Pain management includes local anesthetics and mild pain relievers.

This markdown-styled text provides a comprehensive yet accessible overview of cystourethroscopy, detailing essential information from purpose and preparation to recovery and alternatives.