Name of the Procedure:

Adenoma(s) or other neoplasm detected during screening colonoscopy (SCADR)

Summary

A SCADR involves a colonoscopy where adenomas (benign tumors) or other abnormal growths in the colon are detected and possibly removed. This procedure uses a colonoscope, a long, flexible tube with a camera on the end, to visualize the inside of the colon.

Purpose

The procedure addresses the detection and removal of adenomas or other abnormal growths in the colon. The main goal is to identify potentially precancerous or cancerous lesions early, thereby preventing colorectal cancer or treating it at an early stage.

Indications

• Age 50 or older (or younger with a family history of colorectal cancer)
• Symptoms such as rectal bleeding, chronic constipation or diarrhea, and unexplained weight loss
• Positive fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or fecal immunochemical test (FIT)
• Follow-up for previously detected polyps or family history of colorectal cancer

Preparation

• Fasting for 12 hours before the procedure
• Consumption of a bowel-cleansing solution as prescribed by the healthcare provider
• Adjustments or discontinuation of certain medications, as advised by the physician
• Diagnostic tests may include blood tests and a medical history review

Procedure Description

1. The patient is sedated to ensure comfort.
2. The colonoscope is gently inserted through the rectum into the colon.
3. The colonoscope transmits images of the inside of the colon to a monitor.
4. If adenomas or other neoplasms are detected, they can be removed using tools passed through the colonoscope.
5. Retrieved tissue samples are sent to a lab for further analysis.

Duration

The procedure typically takes 30 minutes to an hour.

Setting

The procedure is usually performed in an outpatient clinic, hospital, or specialized surgical center.

Personnel

• Gastroenterologist or colorectal surgeon
• Nurses
• Anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist

Risks and Complications

• Mild discomfort or cramping
• Bleeding from biopsy sites
• Perforation of the colon (rare)
• Adverse reactions to sedation or anesthesia
• Infection (rare)

Benefits

• Early detection and prevention of colorectal cancer
• Removal of adenomas, which reduces the risk of progression to cancer
• Peace of mind from knowing your colorectal health status

Recovery

• Patients are monitored until the effects of sedation wear off.
• Rest is advised for the remainder of the day.
• Mild bloating or gas may be experienced.
• Return to normal activities is usually expected within 24 hours.
• Follow-up appointments may be needed to discuss biopsy results or further treatment.

Alternatives

• Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) or fecal immunochemical test (FIT)
• Sigmoidoscopy (visualizes only part of the colon)
• Computed tomographic (CT) colonography (virtual colonoscopy)
• Each alternative has different pros and cons in terms of invasiveness, accuracy, and frequency of testing.

Patient Experience

• Patients may feel anxious about the preparation and procedure but are usually comfortable throughout due to sedation.
• Post-procedure, patients may experience some gas discomfort but should feel well enough to resume normal activities by the next day.
• Effective pain management and comfort measures are provided during and after the procedure to ensure minimal discomfort.