Name of the Procedure:

Nasal/sinus endoscopy, diagnostic; with sphenoid sinusoscopy (via puncture of sphenoidal face or cannulation of ostium)

Summary

In layman's terms, this procedure involves using a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera (endoscope) to examine the interior of the nasal and sinus passages, specifically targeting the sphenoid sinus. It may require puncturing the sphenoidal face or inserting a thin tube into the sinus opening to access hard-to-reach areas.

Purpose

The procedure aims to diagnose issues within the nasal and sinus cavities, particularly focusing on the sphenoid sinuses. It can help identify blockages, infections, polyps, tumors, or anatomical abnormalities.

Indications

• Chronic sinusitis unresponsive to medical treatment
• Recurrent sinus infections
• Suspicion of nasal or sinus tumors or polyps
• Persistent facial pain or headaches associated with sinus problems
• Unexplained nasal symptoms

Preparation

• Fasting for a certain period before the procedure, usually for a few hours, as instructed by the healthcare provider.
• Adjusting or stopping certain medications (e.g., blood thinners) as per the doctor's recommendation.
• Completing pre-procedure diagnostic tests such as CT scans or MRIs for detailed imaging of the sinuses.

Procedure Description

1. Anesthesia: Local anesthesia or sedation is administered to minimize discomfort.
2. Endoscope Insertion: The endoscope is gently inserted through the nostril and navigated to the sphenoid sinus.
3. Sphenoid Sinus Access: Depending on the approach, the sphenoidal face may be punctured, or a thin tube (cannula) is used to access the sinus through its natural opening.
4. Examination and Sampling: The doctor examines the sinus cavities, possibly taking tissue samples (biopsies) for further analysis.
5. Visualization: Video monitoring allows the doctor to accurately assess and diagnose any issues.

Tools used include an endoscope, biopsy instruments, and sometimes guided surgical tools. Local anesthesia or conscious sedation is typically used to ensure comfort.

Duration

The procedure usually takes about 30 to 60 minutes.

Setting

This procedure is performed in a hospital, outpatient clinic, or surgical center.

Personnel

• ENT (Ear, Nose, and Throat) specialist or sinus surgeon
• Nurse or medical assistant
• Anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist, if sedation is used

Risks and Complications

• Bleeding
• Infection
• Damage to nearby structures such as the eye or brain, though rare
• Temporary or permanent loss of smell
• Reactions to anesthesia

Benefits

• Accurate diagnosis of sinus issues
• Identification and planning of appropriate treatments
• Immediate relief of some symptoms if minor surgical intervention is performed during the endoscopy

Recovery

• Short observation period post-procedure if sedation was used.
• Instructions on nasal care, such as saline rinses, to promote healing.
• Usually, minimal recovery time required, with patients returning to normal activities shortly.
• Follow-up appointments to monitor progress and discuss findings.

Alternatives

• Medical management with antibiotics, steroids, or nasal sprays.
• Imaging studies like CT or MRI scans without endoscopic examination.
• Open surgical approaches for more severe cases.

Each alternative has its pros and cons, such as less invasiveness but potentially limited diagnostic capability with non-invasive methods.

Patient Experience

During the procedure, patients might feel pressure or mild discomfort in the nasal passages. Post-procedure, minimal discomfort, and possible mild bleeding are common. Pain management usually involves over-the-counter pain relievers if needed. Patients can generally expect a quick return to normal activities with proper nasal care.