Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions non cancerous (PDF) Form

Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous) V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023 CONCERT GENETIC TESTING: HEMATOLOGIC CONDITIONS (NON- CANCEROUS) See Important Reminder at the end of this policy for important regulatory and legal information. OVERVIEW Genetic testing for hematologic (non-cancerous) conditions may be used to confirm a diagnosis in a patient who has signs and/or symptoms of a specific hematologic condition. Confirming the diagnosis may alter aspects of management and may eliminate the need for further diagnostic workup. This document addresses genetic testing for common hematologic (non-cancerous) conditions. POLICY REFERENCE TABLE Below is a list of higher volume tests and the associated laboratories for each coverage criteria section. This list is not all inclusive. Coding Implications This clinical policy references Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®). CPT® is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association. All CPT codes and descriptions are copyrighted 2022, American Medical Association. All rights reserved. CPT codes and CPT descriptions are from the current manuals and those included herein are not intended to be all-inclusive and are included for informational purposes only. Codes referenced in this clinical policy are for informational purposes only. Inclusion or exclusion of any codes does not guarantee coverage.
Providers should reference the most up-to-date sources of professional coding guidance prior to the submission of claims for reimbursement of covered services. 1

Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous)
V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023 Coverage Criteria Sections Example Tests (Labs) Common CPT Codes Common ICD Codes Ref Known Familial Variant Analysis for Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous) Targeted Mutation Analysis for a Known Familial Variant 81403, 81258, 81362 Known Familial Variant Analysis for Hematologic Conditions (non- cancerous) Inherited Thrombophilia Factor V Leiden (F5) and Prothrombin (F2) Variant Analysis for Inherited Thrombophilia Hemoglobinopathies HBA1/HBA2 and/or HBB Variant Analysis Hemophilia Factor V (Leiden) Mutation Analysis (Quest Diagnostics) 81241 Prothrombin (Factor II) 20210G→ A
Mutation Analysis (Quest Diagnostics) 81240 HBA1 Deletion/Duplication Analysis HBA2 Deletion/Duplication Analysis HBA1 Sequencing Analysis HBA2 Sequencing Analysis 81257, 81259, 81269, S3845, S3850 HBB Sequencing Analysis HBB Deletion/Duplication Analysis 81361, 81363, 81364, S3846 11 1, 5
2, 3, 4, 6 D68.51, D68.2, D68.59, R79.1, Z86.2, I82.90 D68.52, D68.2, D68.59, R79.1, Z86.2, I82.90 D56.0, D56.9, D53.9, R70.1, D56.3, D56.8, Z86.2 D57.00 through D57.819, D56.1, D64.9 F8 and/or F9 Variant Analysis
F8 Deletion/Duplication Analysis F8 Sequencing Analysis F9 Deletion/Duplication Analysis F9 Sequencing Analysis 81403, 81406, 81407 81238, 81479 D66, D67, I62.9, M25, N92.2, R04.0, R31 8, 9 Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency G6PD Variant Analysis G6PD Targeted Mutation Analysis G6PD Sequencing Analysis 81247, 81248, 81249 D55.0 7 von Willebrand Disease GP1BA and/or VWF Variant Analysis GP1BA Sequencing Analysis VWF Targeted Mutation Analysis 81401, 81403, 81404, 81405, D68.0 10 2

Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous)
V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023 VWF Sequencing Analysis 81406, 81408, 81479 Other Covered Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous) Other Covered Hematologic Conditions (non- cancerous) See list below 81400 through 81408 12, 13, 14 OTHER RELATED POLICIES This policy document provides coverage criteria for Genetic Testing for Hematologic Conditions (Non-Cancerous). Please refer to:
● Oncology: Molecular Analysis of Solid Tumors and Hematologic Malignancies for coverage criteria related to exome and genome sequencing of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. ● Genetic Testing: Prenatal and Preconception Carrier Screening for coverage criteria related to carrier screening in the prenatal, preimplantation, and preconception setting. ● Genetic Testing: Prenatal Diagnosis (via amniocentesis, CVS, or PUBS) and Pregnancy Loss for coverage related to prenatal and pregnancy loss diagnostic genetic testing for tests intended to diagnose genetic conditions following amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling or pregnancy loss. ● Genetic Testing: Multisystem Inherited Disorders, Intellectual Disability, and Developmental Delay for coverage criteria related to diagnostic genetic testing for conditions affecting multiple organ systems. ● Genetic Testing: Metabolic, Endocrine, and Mitochondrial Disorders for coverage criteria related to genetic testing for MTHFR. ● Genetic Testing: General Approach to Genetic Testing for coverage criteria related to genetic testing for non-cancerous hematologic disorders that are not specifically discussed in this or another non-general policy. 3

Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous)
V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023 CRITERIA It is the policy of health plans affiliated with Centene Corporation® that the specific genetic testing noted below is medically necessary when meeting the related criteria: KNOWN FAMILIAL VARIANT ANALYSIS FOR HEMATOLOGIC CONDITIONS (NON-CANCEROUS) I. Targeted mutation analysis for a known familial variant (81403, 81258, 81362) for a non- cancerous hematologic condition is considered medically necessary when: A. The member has a close relative with a known pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant causing the condition. II. Targeted mutation analysis for a known familial variant (81403, 81258, 81362) for a non- cancerous hematologic condition is considered investigational for all other indications. back to top INHERITED THROMBOPHILIA Factor V Leiden (F5) and Prothrombin (F2) Variant Analysis for Inherited Thrombophilia I. F5 (81241) and F2 (81240) variant analysis to confirm or establish a diagnosis of an inherited thrombophilia may be considered medically necessary when: A. The member meets at least one of the following:

1. A first unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) younger than 50 years old, OR
2. VTE at unusual sites (such as hepatic portal, mesenteric, and cerebral veins), OR
3. Recurrent VTE, OR

4. Personal history of VTE with at least one of the following: a) Two or more family members with a history of VTE, OR 4

   Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous)
   V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023 b) One first-degree relative with VTE at a young age, OR

5. Low activated protein C (APC) resistance activity, OR
6. The member is a female under the age of 50 who smokes tobacco and has a history of acute myocardial infarction, OR
7. A first-degree relative known to be homozygous for factor V Leiden or factor II c.*97G>A, OR
8. The member is an asymptomatic pregnant female or female contemplating pregnancy, with a first-degree relative with unprovoked VTE or VTE provoked by pregnancy or contraceptive use, OR
9. The member is a pregnant female or female contemplating pregnancy or estrogen use who has a first-degree relative with both of the following: a) A history of VTE, AND
   b) The member is a known carrier for factor V Leiden and/or factor II c.97*G>A variant, OR

10. The member is a pregnant female or female contemplating pregnancy with a previous non-estrogen-related VTE or VTE provoked by a minor risk factor. II. F5 (81241) and F2 (81240) variant analysis to confirm or establish a diagnosis of an inherited thrombophilia is considered investigational for all other indications, including:
    A. Fetal loss or adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g., placental abruption, fetal growth restriction, or preeclampsia). back to top HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES HBA1/HBA2 and/or HBB Variant Analysis I. HBA1/HBA2 variant analysis (81257, 81259, 81269, S3845, S3850), and/or HBB (81361, 81363, 81364, S3846) to confirm or establish a diagnosis of a hemoglobinopathy (alpha- thalassemia, beta-thalassemia, or sickle cell disease) is considered medically necessary when: 5

    Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous)
    V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023 A. The member’s hematologic screening results (examples: MCV, MCH, CBC, hemoglobin electrophoresis, or dichlorophenol indophenol (DCIP)) are positive for a hemoglobinopathy, OR B. The member’s hematologic screening results (examples: MCV, MCH, CBC, hemoglobin electrophoresis, or dichlorophenol indophenol (DCIP)) do not conclusively diagnose or rule out a hemoglobinopathy. II. HBA1/HBA2 variant analysis (81257, 81259, 81269, S3845, S3850), and/or HBB (81361, 81363, 81364, S3846) to confirm or establish a diagnosis of a hemoglobinopathy (alpha- thalassemia, beta-thalassemia, or sickle cell disease) is considered investigational for all other indications. back to top HEMOPHILIA F8 and/or F9 Variant Analysis I. F8 variant analysis (81403, 81406, 81407) and/or F9 variant analysis (81238, 81479) to confirm or establish a diagnosis of hemophilia A or B is considered medically necessary when: A. The member has any of the following clinical features of hemophilia:

11. Hemarthrosis (especially with mild or no antecedent trauma), OR
12. Deep-muscle hematomas, OR
13. Intracranial bleeding in the absence of major trauma, OR
14. Neonatal cephalohematoma or intracranial bleeding, OR
15. Prolonged oozing or renewed bleeding after initial bleeding stops following tooth extractions, mouth injury, or circumcision, OR
16. Prolonged, delayed bleeding, or poor wound healing following surgery or trauma, OR
17. Unexplained GI bleeding or hematuria, OR

18. Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding (especially with onset at menarche), OR 6

    Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous)
    V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023

19. Prolonged nosebleeds, especially recurrent and bilateral, OR
20. Excessive bruising (especially with firm, subcutaneous hematomas), OR B. The following laboratory features:
21. Normal platelet count, AND
22. Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), AND

23. Normal prothrombin time (PT). C. F8 variant analysis (81403, 81406, 81407) and/or F9 variant analysis (81238, 81479) to confirm or establish a diagnosis of hemophilia A or B is considered investigational for all other indications. back to top GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (G6PD) DEFICIENCY G6PD Variant Analysis I. G6PD variant analysis (81247, 81248, 81249) to confirm or establish a diagnosis* of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is considered investigational.

    • Diagnosis of G6PD can be achieved by quantitative spectrophotometric analysis or, more commonly, by a rapid fluorescent spot test detecting the generation of NADPH from NADP. back to top VON-WILLEBRAND DISEASE GP1BA and VWF Variant Analysis I. GP1BA and/or VWF variant analysis (81401, 81403, 81404, 81405, 81406, 81408, 81479) to confirm or establish a diagnosis* of von-Willebrand disease is considered investigational.
    • Diagnosis of von-Willebrand disease can be achieved by standard laboratory and biochemical testing. back to top 7

    Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous)
    V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023 OTHER COVERED HEMATOLOGIC CONDITIONS (NON- CANCEROUS) The following is a list of conditions that have a known genetic association. Due to their relative rareness, it may be appropriate to cover these genetic tests to establish or confirm a diagnosis. I. Genetic testing to establish or confirm one of the following hematologic conditions (non- cancerous) to guide management is considered medically necessary when the member demonstrates clinical features consistent with the disorder (the list is not meant to be comprehensive, see II below): A. Atypical Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) B. Complete Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 Deficiency (PAI-1) C. Diamond-Blackfan Anemia (DBA) D. Hereditary Spherocytosis E. Factor VII Deficiency F. Factor X Deficiency G. Factor XI Deficiency (Hemophilia C) H. Factor XII Deficiency I. Factor XIII Deficiency II. Genetic testing to establish or confirm the diagnosis of all other non-cancerous hematologic conditions not specifically discussed within this or another medical policy will be evaluated by the criteria outlined in General Approach to Genetic Testing (see policy for coverage criteria). Clinical features for a specific disorder may be outlined in resources such as GeneReviews, OMIM, National Library of Medicine, Genetics Home Reference, or other scholarly source. back to top NOTES AND DEFINITIONS

24. Close relatives include first, second, and third degree blood relatives on the same side of the family: a. First-degree relatives are parents, siblings, and children b. Second-degree relatives are grandparents, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and half siblings 8

    Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous)
    V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023 c. Third-degree relatives are great grandparents, great aunts, great uncles, great grandchildren, and first cousins back to top BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE Known Familial Variant Analysis for Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous) Genetic Support Foundation The Genetic Support Foundation’s Genetics 101 information on inheritance patterns says the following about testing for familial pathogenic variants: Genetic testing for someone who may be at risk for an inherited disease is always easier if we know the specific genetic cause. Oftentimes, the best way to find the genetic cause is to start by testing someone in the family who is known or strongly suspected to have the disease. If their testing is positive, then we can say that we have found the familial pathogenic (harmful) variant. We can use this as a marker to test other members of the family to see who is also at risk. Factor V Leiden (F5) and Prothrombin (F2) Variant Analysis for Inherited Thrombophilia
    American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (Zhang, 2018) published updated technical standards for genetic testing for variants associated with VTE, with a focus on factor V Leiden and factor II. Testing is recommended for factor V Leiden and factor II c.*97G>A for the following indications: 1.) A first unprovoked VTE, especially <50 years old 2.) VTE at unusual sites (such as hepatic portal, mesenteric, and cerebral veins) 3.) Recurrent VTE 4.) Personal history of VTE with (a) two or more family members with a history of VTE or (b) one first-degree relative with VTE at a young age 5.) Patients with low activated protein C (APC) resistance activity (p. 1492) In addition, this testing “may be considered” for the following indications:
    9

    Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous)
    V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023 1.) Females under the age of 50 who smoke tobacco and have a history of acute myocardial infarction 2.) Siblings of individuals known to be homozygous for factor V Leiden or factor II c.97G>A, because they have a 1 in 4 chance of being a homozygote 3.) Asymptomatic pregnant female or female contemplating pregnancy, with a first-degree relative with unprovoked VTE or VTE provoked by pregnancy or contraceptive use 4.) Pregnant female or female contemplating pregnancy or estrogen use who has a first-degree relative with a history of VTE and is a known carrier for factor V Leiden and/or factor II c.97G>A variant 5.) Pregnant female or female contemplating pregnancy with a previous non-estrogen-related VTE or VTE provoked by a minor risk factor, because knowledge of the factor V Leiden or factor II c.*97G>A status may alter pregnancy-related thrombophylaxis (p. 1492 to 1493) American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) ACOG also published Practice Bulletin 197 (2018) on Inherited Thrombophilias in Pregnancy which states that “...screening for inherited thrombophilias is not recommended for women with a history of fetal loss or adverse pregnancy outcomes including abruption, preeclampsia, or fetal growth restriction because there is insufficient clinical evidence that antepartum prophylaxis with unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight-heparin prevents recurrence in these patients, and a causal association has not been established.” (p. e23). Hemoglobinopathies - HBA1/HBA2 and/or HBB Variant Analysis GeneReviews is an expert-authored review of current literature on a genetic disease, and goes through a rigorous editing and peer review process before being published online. The recommended hemoglobinopathy evaluation testing for Alpha-Thalassemia, Beta-Thalassemia, and Sickle Cell Disease is as follows: GeneReviews: Alpha-Thalassemia Hemoglobin Bart hydrops fetalis (Hb Bart) syndrome, which is caused by deletion or inactivation of all four alpha globin genes, exhibits the following hematologic findings: severe macrocytic hypochromic anemia (in the absence of ABO or Rh blood group incompatibility), reticulocytosis (may be >60%), and peripheral blood smear with large, hypochromic red cells, severe anisopoikilocytosis, and numerous nucleated red cells. In addition, hemoglobin analysis will typically display decreased amounts or complete absence of hemoglobin A and increased amounts of Hb Bart. Hemoglobin H disease (HbH disease), which is caused by deletion or inactivation of three alpha globin genes, exhibits the following hematologic findings: mild-to-moderate (rarely severe) 10

    Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous)
    V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023 microcytic hypochromic hemolytic anemia, moderate reticulocytosis (3% to 6%), Peripheral blood smear with anisopoikilocytosis, and very rarely nucleated red blood cells, Red blood cell supravital stain showing HbH inclusions (β4 tetramers) in 5% to 80% of erythrocytes following incubation of fresh blood smears with 1% brilliant cresyl blue for one to three hours. In addition, hemoglobin analysis will typically display the presence of 0.8% to 40% HbH and 60% to 90% hemoglobin A. GeneReviews: Beta-Thalassemia Beta-Thalassemia typically displays the following hematologic findings of microcytic hypochromic anemia, anisopoikilocytosis with nucleated red blood cells on peripheral blood smear, and hemoglobin analysis that reveals decreased amounts or complete absence of hemoglobin A and increased amounts of hemoglobin F. GeneReviews: Sickle Cell Disease Laboratory features of sickle cell disease include: normocytic anemia; sickle cells, nucleated red blood cells, target cells, and other abnormal red blood cells on peripheral blood smear; Howell- Jolly bodies indicate hyposplenism; presence of hemoglobin S (HbS) on a hemoglobin assay (e.g., high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC], isoelectric focusing, cellulose acetate electrophoresis, citrate agar electrophoresis) with an absence or diminished amount of HbA. Viprakasit V, Ekwattanakit S. Clinical classification, screening and diagnosis for thalassemia Viprakasit and Ekwattanakit (2018) published a clinical classification, screening and diagnosis for thalassemia article that states: “In general, these mutation analyses would be critical for the confirmation of thalassemia diagnoses in only a few selected cases for whom the basic hematology and Hb analysis described could not provide a conclusive diagnosis. However, these molecular analyses would be indispensable in a program for the prevention and control of thalassemia syndromes because the mutation data would be required for genetic counseling, genetic risk calculation in the offspring, and prenatal and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. In addition, DNA analysis could help in predicting the clinical severity and guiding clinical management; milder b-globin mutations (b1-thal) usually are associated with milder phenotypes, as has been shown in HbE/b-thalassemia.” (p. 207) Hemophilia - F8 and/or F9 Variant Analysis GeneReviews is an expert-authored review of current literature on a genetic disease, and goes through a rigorous editing and peer review process before being published online. The 11

    Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous)
    V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023 recommended hemoglobinopathy evaluation testing for Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B is as follows: GeneReviews: Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B Individuals with Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) or Hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency) can exhibit the following clinical symptoms: Hemarthrosis, especially with mild or no antecedent trauma ● ● Deep-muscle hematomas ● Intracranial bleeding in the absence of major trauma ● Neonatal cephalohematoma or intracranial bleeding ● Prolonged oozing or renewed bleeding after initial bleeding stops following tooth extractions, mouth injury, or circumcision ● Prolonged or delayed bleeding or poor wound healing following surgery or trauma
    ● Unexplained GI bleeding or hematuria ● Menorrhagia, especially with onset at menarche ● Prolonged nosebleeds, especially recurrent and bilateral ● Excessive bruising, especially with firm, subcutaneous hematomas The following are laboratory findings in individuals with Hemophilia A or Hemophilia B: ● Normal platelet count ● Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ● Normal prothrombin time (PT) Glucose6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency - G6PD Variant Analysis American Academy of Family Physicians Frank (2005) published guidelines in American Family Physician for evaluating individuals for G6PD deficiency, including specific laboratory tests which notably do not include genetic testing: “The diagnosis of G6PD deficiency is made by a quantitative spectrophotometric analysis or, more commonly, by a rapid fluorescent spot test detecting the generation of NADPH from NADP. The test is positive if the blood spot fails to fluoresce under ultraviolet light.” (p. 1278)” von Willebrand Disease - GP1BA and/or VWF Variant Analysis Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC), via the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NHLBI-NIH) 12

    Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous)
    V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023 Guidelines for diagnosis and management of von Willebrand disease (VWD) were developed for practicing primary care and specialist clinicians—including family physicians, internists, obstetrician-gynecologists, pediatricians, and nurse-practitioners—as well as hematologists and laboratory medicine specialists, which included recommendations for laboratory tests to aid in the diagnosis of VWD, which notably do not include genetic testing. Reviews, Revisions, and Approvals Policy developed REFERENCES back to top Revision Date 03/23 Approval Date 03/23

25. Zhang S, Taylor AK, Huang X, et al. Venous thromboembolism laboratory testing (factor V Leiden and factor II c.*97G>A), 2018 update: a technical standard of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet Med. 2018;20(12):1489-1498. doi:10.1038/s41436-018-0322-z
26. Tamary H, Dgany O. Alpha-Thalassemia. 2005 Nov 1 [Updated 2020 Oct 1]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1435/
27. Origa R. Beta-Thalassemia. 2000 Sep 28 [Updated 2021 Feb 4. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1426/
28. Bender MA. Sickle Cell Disease. 2003 Sep 15 [Updated 2021 Jan 28. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1377/
29. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Practice Bulletins– Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 197: Inherited Thrombophilias in Pregnancy [published correction appears in Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Oct;132(4):1069]. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(1):e18-e34. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002703
30. Viprakasit V, Ekwattanakit S. Clinical Classification, Screening and Diagnosis for Thalassemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2018;32(2):193-211. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2017.11.006
31. Frank JE. Diagnosis and management of G6PD deficiency. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72(7):1277 to 1282.

32. Konkle BA, Huston H, Nakaya Fletcher S. Hemophilia A. 2000 Sep 21 [Updated 2017 Jun 22]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews® 13

    Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous)
    V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023 [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1404/

33. Konkle BA, Huston H, Nakaya Fletcher S. Hemophilia B. 2000 Oct 2 [Updated 2017 Jun 15]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1495/
34. von Willebrand Disease Guidelines: The Diagnosis, Evaluation and Management of von Willebrand Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. October 6, 2020. Accessed July 25th, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/vwd/guidelines.html 11. Genetic Support Foundation. Genetics 101 Inheritance Patterns: Familial Pathogenic Variant. Accessed 10/4/2022. https://geneticsupportfoundation.org/genetics-101/# 12. MedlinePlus [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/.
35. Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, et al., editors. GeneReviews® [Internet]. Seattle (WA): University of Washington, Seattle; 1993-2023. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1116/

36. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, OMIM®. McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, MD). World Wide Web URL: https://omim.org/ back to top Important Reminder This clinical policy has been developed by appropriately experienced and licensed health care professionals based on a review and consideration of currently available generally accepted standards of medical practice; peer-reviewed medical literature; government agency/program approval status; evidence-based guidelines and positions of leading national health professional organizations; views of physicians practicing in relevant clinical areas affected by this clinical policy; and other available clinical information. The Health Plan makes no representations and accepts no liability with respect to the content of any external information used or relied upon in developing this clinical policy. This clinical policy is consistent with standards of medical practice current at the time that this clinical policy was approved. “Health Plan” means a health plan that has adopted this clinical policy and that is operated or administered, in whole or in part, by Centene Management Company, LLC, or any of such health plan’s affiliates, as applicable. The purpose of this clinical policy is to provide a guide to medical necessity, which is a component of the guidelines used to assist in making coverage decisions and administering benefits. It does not constitute a contract or guarantee regarding payment or results. Coverage decisions and the administration of benefits are subject to all terms, conditions, exclusions and limitations of the coverage documents (e.g., evidence of coverage, certificate of coverage, policy, 14

    Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous)
    V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023 contract of insurance, etc.), as well as to state and federal requirements and applicable Health Plan-level administrative policies and procedures.
    This clinical policy is effective as of the date determined by the Health Plan. The date of posting may not be the effective date of this clinical policy. This clinical policy may be subject to applicable legal and regulatory requirements relating to provider notification. If there is a discrepancy between the effective date of this clinical policy and any applicable legal or regulatory requirement, the requirements of law and regulation shall govern. The Health Plan retains the right to change, amend or withdraw this clinical policy, and additional clinical policies may be developed and adopted as needed, at any time. This clinical policy does not constitute medical advice, medical treatment or medical care. It is not intended to dictate to providers how to practice medicine. Providers are expected to exercise professional medical judgment in providing the most appropriate care, and are solely responsible for the medical advice and treatment of members/enrollees. This clinical policy is not intended to recommend treatment for members/enrollees. Members/enrollees should consult with their treating physician in connection with diagnosis and treatment decisions.
    Providers referred to in this clinical policy are independent contractors who exercise independent judgment and over whom the Health Plan has no control or right of control. Providers are not agents or employees of the Health Plan. This clinical policy is the property of the Health Plan. Unauthorized copying, use, and distribution of this clinical policy or any information contained herein are strictly prohibited.
    Providers, members/enrollees and their representatives are bound to the terms and conditions expressed herein through the terms of their contracts. Where no such contract exists, providers, members/enrollees and their representatives agree to be bound by such terms and conditions by providing services to members/enrollees and/or submitting claims for payment for such services.
    Note: For Medicaid members/enrollees, when state Medicaid coverage provisions conflict with the coverage provisions in this clinical policy, state Medicaid coverage provisions take precedence. Please refer to the state Medicaid manual for any coverage provisions pertaining to this clinical policy. Note: For Medicare members/enrollees, to ensure consistency with the Medicare National Coverage Determinations (NCD) and Local Coverage Determinations (LCD), all applicable NCDs, LCDs, and Medicare Coverage Articles should be reviewed prior to applying the criteria set forth in this clinical policy. Refer to the CMS website at http://www.cms.gov for additional information.
    ©2023 Centene Corporation. All rights reserved. All materials are exclusively owned by Centene Corporation and are protected by United States copyright law and international copyright law. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied, modified, distributed, displayed, 15

    Concert Genetic Testing: Hematologic Conditions (non-cancerous)
    V2.2023 Date of Last Revision 3/1/2023 stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means, or otherwise published without the prior written permission of Centene Corporation. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice contained herein. Centene® and Centene Corporation® are registered trademarks exclusively owned by Centene Corporation. 16