Name of the Condition

• Common name(s): Meniscal tear, Medial meniscus tear
• Medical term: Other tear of medial meniscus, current injury, right knee, initial encounter

Summary

• The medial meniscus tear involves damage to the C-shaped cartilage in the inner part of the knee. It commonly occurs from activities that twist or rotate the knee forcefully, such as playing sports.

Causes

• The primary cause is acute trauma to the knee, often during sports or exercise. Degenerative tears can occur over time due to aging or wear and tear on the knee joint.

Risk Factors

• Age (more common in people over 30)
• Participation in sports, especially those involving twisting motions
• Obesity, which increases strain on the knee joint
• Occupations requiring heavy lifting or repetitive knee bending

Symptoms

• Pain, especially when twisting or rotating the knee
• Swelling and stiffness
• A popping sensation during the injury
• Difficulty bending and straightening the leg fully
• A locked knee if pieces of torn meniscus shift within the joint

Diagnosis

• Physical examination, including the McMurray test
• Imaging tests such as MRI or X-ray to confirm a meniscal tear

Treatment Options

• Rest and Ice: Reduces pain and swelling initially.
• Physical Therapy: Strengthens muscles around the knee.
• Medications: Pain relievers or anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Surgery: Meniscectomy or meniscus repair if the tear does not heal with conservative treatment.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Prognosis varies; minor tears may heal with time and rehabilitation, while severe tears could require surgery.
• Regular follow-ups are essential to monitor healing and recovery, especially if surgery is performed.

Complications

• Chronic knee pain and instability
• Increased risk of osteoarthritis in the affected knee
• Joint stiffness and reduced mobility

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Engage in regular strength training to support knee stability.
• Maintain a healthy weight to minimize knee joint stress.
• Use protective gear during sports and activities to help minimize injury risk.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Severe pain or inability to move the knee
• Persistent swelling or symptoms that do not improve with basic care
• Large tear that shows locked knee symptoms

Additional Resources

• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) orthoinfo.aaos.org
• The Arthritis Foundation arthritis.org

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure specificity by noting the right knee as the affected area.
• Confirm the injury's classification as "initial encounter" for accurate coding.
• Avoid confusing with other types of knee injuries or unspecified meniscal tears.