Name of the Condition

• Fracture of the Manubrium (Sternal Fracture)

Summary

• A fracture of the manubrium refers to a break in the broad upper section of the sternum (chest bone), which connects to the clavicles (collarbones) and first two ribs. This condition typically results from direct trauma to the chest area.

Causes

• Commonly caused by blunt trauma to the chest, such as from a motor vehicle accident or a fall. Occasionally, it can occur due to strong compression of the chest or severe coughing in individuals with weakened bones.

Risk Factors

• Participation in high-impact sports or activities.
• Advanced age, which may contribute to bone fragility.
• Conditions like osteoporosis, which weaken bones.

Symptoms

• Pain and tenderness in the chest.
• Swelling or bruising over the sternum.
• Difficulty breathing or pain during inhalation and movement.

Diagnosis

• Physical examination to assess pain and tenderness.
• Imaging tests such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs to visualize the fracture.

Treatment Options

• Pain Management: Use of analgesics or anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain.
• Rest and Immobilization: Limiting movement and physical activity to allow the bone to heal.
• Surgery: Rarely required but may be necessary in cases of severe fractures or if there is a risk of damaging underlying organs.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• With appropriate care, most fractures of the manubrium heal well within 6-12 weeks.
• Regular follow-ups ensure proper healing and monitor for complications.

Complications

• Potential complications include non-union or malunion of the fracture, chronic pain, or restricted chest movements.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Engage in activities that strengthen bones, such as weight-bearing exercises.
• Use seat belts and appropriate protective gear to minimize trauma risks during activities.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Seek immediate medical attention if experiencing severe chest pain, difficulty breathing, or if trauma to the chest results in visible deformity or intense pain.

Additional Resources

• American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)
• Mayo Clinic
• Patient support groups for individuals with chest trauma or fractures.

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure the correct identification of a closed fracture vs. open fracture.
• Confirm that S22.21XA denotes an initial encounter for a closed fracture of the manubrium.
• Double-check for additional codes if there are associated injuries or complications.