R78.71 Abnormal lead level in blood

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Abnormal Lead Level in Blood
- ICD-10 Code: R78.71

#### Summary
Abnormal lead level in blood, often referred to as lead poisoning or elevated blood lead levels, occurs when there is an excessive amount of lead in the bloodstream. This condition can be harmful, particularly to young children, and can lead to serious health problems.

#### Causes
Lead exposure is the primary cause of elevated lead levels in the blood. This can occur through contact with lead-based paints, contaminated water, soil, dust, or certain industrial materials.

#### Risk Factors
- Living in older homes with lead-based paint
- Occupational exposure in industries such as construction or battery manufacturing
- Proximity to lead-contaminated sites
- Age, particularly children under 6 years old

#### Symptoms
- Developmental delays and learning difficulties in children
- Irritability and fatigue
- Abdominal pain and constipation
- Headaches
- Loss of appetite

#### Diagnosis
Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure the level of lead in the bloodstream. A blood lead level test is specific for detecting lead poisoning.

#### Treatment Options
- Chelation therapy: Involves the administration of chelating agents that bind to lead so it can be excreted from the body.
- Removing or avoiding exposure to lead sources.
- Supportive care and nutritional interventions to correct deficiencies and enhance recovery.

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
The prognosis depends on the level of lead exposure and the timeliness of treatment. Early intervention can prevent more severe health issues. Regular follow-ups are crucial to monitor blood lead levels and assess the effectiveness of treatment.

#### Complications
- Cognitive and behavioral issues in children
- Damage to the nervous system
- Kidney damage
- Anemia
- Hearing problems

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- Ensure that homes and play areas are free from lead-based paints and materials.
- Practice good hygiene by washing hands well and cleaning dusty surfaces.
- Use cold water for drinking and cooking as hot water is more likely to contain lead.

#### When to Seek Professional Help
Seek immediate medical attention if a child or adult suspects they've been exposed to lead, especially if symptoms of lead poisoning are present.

#### Additional Resources
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- Local health departments for lead poisoning prevention programs

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure accurate coding by confirming the diagnosis through laboratory tests results indicating elevated blood lead levels.
- Avoid coding errors by distinguishing chronic exposure (R78.71) from acute lead intoxication situations, which may have different codes.

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