R45.88 Nonsuicidal self-harm

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Nonsuicidal self-harm
- Also known as nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)

#### Summary
Nonsuicidal self-harm refers to the deliberate, self-inflicted damage to one's body tissue without any intent to die. Common forms include cutting, burning, or hitting oneself, typically as a way to cope with emotional distress.

#### Causes
The exact causes of nonsuicidal self-harm are complex and multifaceted, often involving emotional regulation issues, a way to express feelings, or a response to trauma or emotional distress. It can be linked with mental health conditions, such as depression or anxiety.

#### Risk Factors
- Adolescence and young adulthood
- History of trauma or abuse
- Presence of mental health disorders
- Peer influence or exposure to others who self-harm

#### Symptoms
- Visible wounds, scars, or fresh cuts
- Wearing clothing inappropriate for the weather to cover injuries
- Withdrawal from friends and activities
- Emotional instability or impulsiveness

#### Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually based on a thorough psychiatric evaluation. It may include assessments to rule out related mental health conditions.

#### Treatment Options
- **Psychotherapy:** Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) can help individuals develop healthier coping mechanisms.
- **Medications:** Antidepressants or mood stabilizers may be prescribed to address underlying mental health issues.
- **Support Groups:** Participation in support groups can offer communal support and understanding.

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
With appropriate treatment, individuals can learn to manage emotional distress more effectively and reduce self-harming behavior. Continuous mental health follow-up is essential for preventing relapse.

#### Complications
- Infections and scarring
- Worsening of mental health conditions
- Potential progression to suicidal behaviors

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- Building a strong support network
- Learning alternative coping strategies
- Engaging in stress-reducing activities, like exercise or yoga
- Regular mental health check-ups to address underlying issues

#### When to Seek Professional Help
Seek immediate help if:
- Self-harm is frequent or escalating in severity
- Wounds require medical attention
- There are thoughts of suicide or feelings of hopelessness

#### Additional Resources
- National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI)
- Self-Injury Outreach & Support (SIOS)

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure documentation specifically indicates the behavior is nonsuicidal.
- Cross-reference with mental health diagnoses that may accompany self-harm behaviors.
- Be cautious of differentiating non-lethal self-harm from suicidal attempts.

Medical Policies and Guidelines for Nonsuicidal self-harm

Related policies from health plans

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