Q76.7 Congenital malformation of sternum

ICD10CM code

#### Name of the Condition
- Congenital malformation of the sternum
- Also known as sternal deformities, chest wall deformities

#### Summary
Congenital malformation of the sternum refers to a group of conditions present at birth that affect the structure of the sternum, or breastbone. These malformations can lead to abnormalities in the shape or structure of the chest wall.

#### Causes
Congenital sternal malformations are typically caused by developmental anomalies during fetal growth. The exact causes vary but may include genetic mutations or environmental factors affecting embryonic development.

#### Risk Factors
- Family history of congenital malformations
- Prenatal exposure to certain drugs or harmful substances
- Genetic syndromes associated with skeletal malformations

#### Symptoms
- Visible concavity or protrusion of the chest
- Difficulty in breathing or respiratory distress in severe cases
- Possible impact on cardiac function due to compressive effects

#### Diagnosis
- Physical examination to observe the structure of the chest
- Imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI to assess bone structure
- Genetic testing if a hereditary syndrome is suspected

#### Treatment Options
- **Observation:** Mild cases may only require monitoring as the child grows.
- **Physical therapy:** Exercises to improve respiratory function and posture.
- **Surgery:** Corrective surgeries such as Nuss procedure or Ravitch technique may be required in severe cases to reconstruct the chest wall.

#### Prognosis and Follow-Up
- With appropriate intervention, most individuals lead a normal life.
- Regular follow-up is necessary to monitor growth and development, especially after surgical intervention.

#### Complications
- Respiratory difficulties due to restricted lung expansion
- Increased risk of respiratory infections
- Potential cardiovascular issues in severe deformities

#### Lifestyle & Prevention
- There are no specific prevention measures, but healthy prenatal care can reduce risks.
- Encouragement of respiratory exercises and maintaining an active lifestyle to support lung function.

#### When to Seek Professional Help
- Difficulty in breathing
- Noticeable changes in chest shape or structure as the child grows
- Any concerning symptoms that affect the child's well-being

#### Additional Resources
- American Thoracic Society (ATS)
- Children’s Hospital’s pediatric chest wall program
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)

#### Tips for Medical Coders
- Ensure accurate identification and documentation of the specific type of sternal malformation.
- Avoid confusion with acquired deformities or trauma-induced conditions.

Medical Policies and Guidelines for Congenital malformation of sternum

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