Name of the Condition

• Congenital Scoliosis due to Congenital Bony Malformation
• Also known as: Congenital vertebral anomalies, Congenital bony spine disorder.

Summary

Congenital scoliosis is a spinal deformity that is present at birth, caused by an anomaly in the formation of the vertebrae. This condition leads to an abnormal curvature of the spine due to the improper development of the bones.

Causes

Congenital scoliosis results from congenital bony malformations, such as hemivertebrae or vertebral fusion, occurring during foetal development. These anomalies affect the spine's shape and alignment.

Risk Factors

• Genetic predisposition.
• Maternal health issues during pregnancy.
• Exposure to certain drugs or chemicals during foetal development.

Symptoms

• Uneven shoulders or hips.
• Visible curvature of the spine.
• Back pain or discomfort.
• Limited range of motion in the spine.
• In severe cases, respiratory or neurological issues due to spinal misalignment.

Diagnosis

• Physical examination to assess spinal deformity.
• X-rays or MRI to visualize vertebral anomalies.
• Monitoring for progression of curvature over time.

Treatment Options

• Observation: Regular follow-up if the curve is mild and non-progressive.
• Bracing: May slow or control the progression in growing children.
• Surgical Intervention: Procedures like spinal fusion or insertion of growing rods can correct or stabilize the curvature.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

Early detection and management are crucial. With appropriate treatment, many individuals can lead normal, active lives, though they may require ongoing medical follow-up to monitor for any changes in the condition.

Complications

• Progression of spinal curvature.
• Impaired lung function due to thoracic deformities.
• Neurological complications if the spinal cord is affected.
• Back pain and reduced mobility in severe cases.

Lifestyle & Prevention

Although congenital scoliosis cannot be prevented, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can aid mobility and overall well-being. Regular exercise, good posture, and physical therapy may be beneficial.

When to Seek Professional Help

Seek medical advice if there is noticeable spinal asymmetry, persistent back pain, or if the curvature appears to be worsening. Immediate attention is required if neurological symptoms arise.

Additional Resources

• Scoliosis Research Society
• National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
• Curvy Girls Support Group

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure precise documentation of the congenital nature of the malformation.
• Avoid confusing with idiopathic or neuromuscular scoliosis, which has a different ICD code.
• Always verify the presence of additional spinal anomalies for accurate coding.