Name of the Condition

• Unspecified undescended testicle, unilateral
• Cryptorchidism

Summary

Unspecified undescended testicle, unilateral refers to a condition where one testicle fails to move into the scrotum before birth. This is a common condition in male infants and can sometimes correct itself within the first few months of life.

Causes

The exact cause of an undescended testicle is not well understood, but it may be linked to hormonal, genetic, or environmental factors that affect fetal development.

Risk Factors

• Preterm birth
• Low birth weight
• Family history of undescended testicles
• Conditions such as Down syndrome or abdominal wall defects

Symptoms

• One or no testicle is palpable in the scrotum.
• In some cases, no additional symptoms are present, but there might be discomfort or pain.

Diagnosis

• Physical examination by a healthcare provider.
• Ultrasound or MRI if the testicle is not palpable and further assessment is needed.

Treatment Options

• Watchful waiting: Often used in the first few months as the testicle might descend naturally.
• Hormone therapy: Sometimes used to stimulate the descent of the testicle.
• Orchiopexy surgery: A surgical procedure to move the undescended testicle into the scrotum. Typically recommended after six months if descent hasn't occurred spontaneously.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• With timely intervention, the outlook is generally positive.
• Regular follow-ups are essential to monitor testicular health and ensure normal development.

Complications

• Infertility due to insufficient sperm production if untreated.
• Increased risk of testicular cancer.
• Hernia development in the groin.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• There are no specific lifestyle changes known to prevent the condition.
• Early detection and treatment can prevent complications.

When to Seek Professional Help

• If the testicle has not descended by the time the child is six months old.
• Experience of pain or swelling in the scrotal area.

Additional Resources

• American Urological Association (AUA)
• HealthyChildren.org by the AAP
• National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

Tips for Medical Coders

• Carefully distinguish between unilateral and bilateral cases.
• Avoid assuming laterality if unspecified; verify with clinical records.
• Ensure proper documentation reflects any associated conditions or complications for comprehensive coding.