Name of the Condition

• Fetal Anemia and Thrombocytopenia, Third Trimester, Other Fetus
• Technical ICD term: O36.8239

Summary

• This condition refers to a type of fetal distress during the third trimester characterized by reduced red blood cells (anemia) and low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia), affecting the fetus. This can lead to complications if not addressed promptly.

Causes

• Fetal anemia can be caused by factors such as mismatch in blood type between the mother and fetus, maternal infections, or inherited red blood cell disorders. Thrombocytopenia may result from placental issues, infections, or immune-mediated processes.

Risk Factors

• A family history of blood disorders, maternal illnesses such as preeclampsia or infections, and certain medications or substance exposures during pregnancy can increase the risk of fetal anemia and thrombocytopenia.

Symptoms

• While fetal symptoms aren't directly observable, routine prenatal care might indicate abnormal growth patterns, decreased fetal movements, or unusual ultrasound findings.

Diagnosis

• Diagnosis is often made through prenatal ultrasound screenings, Doppler flow studies, and amniocentesis. Blood tests may also check for anemia and platelet counts when feasible.

Treatment Options

• Treatments may include intrauterine blood transfusions to manage anemia, and corticosteroids to promote fetal lung maturity in case early delivery is necessary. Treating underlying maternal conditions or infections is also crucial.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• Early detection and treatment can lead to favorable outcomes. Regular monitoring through ultrasounds and fetal health assessments is important to ensure proper development and manage any emerging issues.

Complications

• If untreated, fetal anemia and thrombocytopenia can lead to hydrops fetalis (severe swelling), prematurity, or stillbirth. Maternal health complications can also arise if underlying causes are not managed.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Regular prenatal check-ups, maintaining a healthy pregnancy diet, avoiding harmful substances, and managing any existing health conditions can help prevent complications.

When to Seek Professional Help

• A mother should seek professional help if experiencing decreased fetal movement, severe swelling, or signs of preterm labor, as these could indicate fetal distress.

Additional Resources

• March of Dimes: www.marchofdimes.org
• American Pregnancy Association: www.americanpregnancy.org
• Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine: www.smfm.org

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure accurate documentation of the trimester and specific fetal condition noted.
• Avoid coding errors by confirming the gestational age and correlating fetal findings with maternal conditions when relevant.