Name of the Condition

• Common Name: Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Medical Term: Rheumatoid Arthritis with Rheumatoid Factor of Multiple Sites without Organ or Systems Involvement
• ICD Code: M05.79

Summary

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects joints but can involve multiple sites without organ or systems involvement. It is characterized by the presence of rheumatoid factor in the blood, which indicates an autoimmune process.

Causes

• Genetics: A family history of RA can predispose individuals to develop the condition.
• Immune System Dysfunction: Anomalies in the immune system leading to inflammation of joint linings.
• Environmental Factors: Exposure to certain infections or smoking may trigger the onset in susceptible individuals.

Risk Factors

• Age: Most commonly starts between the ages of 30 and 60.
• Gender: More prevalent in women.
• Family History: Genetic predisposition increases risk.
• Smoking: Increases severity and likelihood of developing RA.

Symptoms

• Joint pain, tenderness, swelling, or stiffness affecting multiple sites.
• Fatigue and occasional fevers.
• Morning stiffness lasting longer than 30 minutes.
• Symmetrical joint involvement, meaning both sides of the body are affected.

Diagnosis

• Blood Tests: To detect rheumatoid factor (RF) or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies and inflammation markers like ESR or CRP.
• Imaging: X-rays, MRI, or ultrasound to assess joint damage.
• Physical Examination: Checking joints for swelling, warmth, and movement limitation.

Treatment Options

• Medications:
  • Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
  • Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate to slow disease progression.
  • Biologic agents targeting specific parts of the inflammatory process.
• Therapies:
  • Physical therapy to increase mobility and strength.
  • Occupational therapy to assist in daily tasks.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Regular exercise, smoking cessation, and stress management.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• RA is a long-term condition with periods of improvement and flare-ups. With appropriate treatment, many individuals maintain an active lifestyle.
• Regular monitoring by a rheumatologist is essential for adjusting treatment plans.

Complications

• Joint destruction and deformity.
• Increased risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.
• Potential for disability due to progressive joint damage.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Maintain an active lifestyle with joint-friendly exercises like swimming.
• A balanced diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants.
• Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Sudden increase in joint swelling or pain.
• Persistent fever or fatigue that does not resolve with rest.
• Noticeable decline in physical function or increased difficulty in daily tasks.

Additional Resources

• American College of Rheumatology: rheumatology.org
• Arthritis Foundation: arthritis.org

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure proper distinction between rheumatoid arthritis with and without rheumatoid factor.
• Double-check documentation for specification of sites affected and involvement of organs or systems.
• Avoid confusing M05.79 with conditions involving organ involvement or different types of arthritis.