Name of the Condition

• Sialoadenitis, unspecified
• Also known as salivary gland inflammation or salivary gland infection.

Summary

• Sialoadenitis is an inflammation of one or more salivary glands. It often results in swelling and pain in the affected area, primarily due to infection or obstruction of the salivary ducts.

Causes

• Commonly caused by bacterial infections, often due to Staphylococcus or Streptococcus species.
• Viral infections (e.g., mumps).
• Blockages from salivary stones (sialolithiasis).
• Decreased saliva production or dehydration can also contribute, leading to increased risk of infections.

Risk Factors

• Advanced age.
• Poor oral hygiene.
• Chronic illness such as diabetes.
• Autoimmune disorders like Sjögren’s syndrome.
• History of salivary gland stones.
• Insufficient hydration.

Symptoms

• Swelling near the jaw or neck area.
• Pain or tenderness, especially when eating.
• Fever or chills indicating infection.
• Redness over the affected area.
• Dry mouth or unusual tastes in the mouth.

Diagnosis

• Physical examination of the salivary glands.
• Imaging tests, such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI, to identify stones or determine the extent of infection.
• Fine needle aspiration to take a sample of the discharge for testing.

Treatment Options

• Antibiotics: Prescribed to treat bacterial infections.
• Hydration and Massage: Staying well-hydrated and performing gentle massage can help improve saliva flow.
• Warm Compresses: Applying heat to the affected area may relieve symptoms.
• Sialogogues: Substances that stimulate the flow of saliva, like sour candies or lemonade.
• Surgery: In cases where there are persistent obstructions or abscess formation.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• With prompt treatment, most cases resolve without long-term effects.
• Regular follow-ups may be needed to monitor gland function and prevent recurrence, especially if stones or chronic conditions are present.

Complications

• Abscess formation if the infection is not treated.
• Recurrent infections leading to chronic sialoadenitis.
• Spread of infection to other areas of the head or neck.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Maintaining good oral hygiene can reduce the risk of infections.
• Staying hydrated helps promote regular saliva flow.
• Managing risk factors such as diabetes effectively.

When to Seek Professional Help

• Persistent swelling or pain in the salivary gland area that does not improve with home care.
• High fever or general malaise.
• Signs of abscess such as severe pain and visible lump.

Additional Resources

• American Academy of Otolaryngology: AAO-HNS
• National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research: NIDCR

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure the code K11.20 is used when the specific gland affected is not specified.
• Be careful not to confuse with other diseases of the salivary glands with more specific codes.