Also known as: Bilateral Retinal Detachment, Complete Retinal Detachment in Both Eyes
Summary
Total retinal detachment, bilateral, refers to a condition where the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye, detaches from its underlying layer in both eyes. This can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly.
Causes
Retinal detachment can result from trauma, high myopia (nearsightedness), posterior vitreous detachment, or complications from conditions such as diabetic retinopathy or inflammatory disorders.
Risk Factors
Age (more common in those over 40)
Extreme nearsightedness
Previous eye surgery (e.g. cataract surgery)
Family history of retinal detachment
Certain systemic diseases such as diabetes
Symptoms
Sudden appearance of floaters
Flashes of light in one or both eyes
Blurred vision or gradual reduction in peripheral vision
A shadow or curtain over a portion of the visual field
Diagnosis
Comprehensive eye examination
Retinal photography
Optical coherence tomography (OCT)
Ultrasound imaging of the eye
Treatment Options
Laser surgery or photocoagulation: Seals the retina to the underlying tissue.
Cryopexy (freezing treatment): Similar to laser surgery, but uses cold to fix the retina in place.
Scleral buckle surgery: A silicone band is placed around the eye to hold the retina in place.
Vitrectomy: Removing the vitreous gel to relieve traction on the retina.
Prognosis and Follow-Up
The prognosis depends on the severity and duration before treatment.
Early intervention usually leads to better visual outcomes.
Regular follow-ups are crucial to monitor for recurrence or complications.
Complications
Untreated retinal detachment can lead to permanent vision loss.
Recurrence, especially if the underlying cause was not addressed.
Possible progression to proliferative vitreoretinopathy, a more complicated form of detachment.
Lifestyle & Prevention
Regular eye exams, especially if at high risk.
Protecting the eyes from injuries.
Managing underlying health issues like diabetes to prevent secondary complications.
Controlling high blood pressure and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
When to Seek Professional Help
Immediate medical attention is needed if there are sudden onset symptoms such as floaters, flashes, or shadows in the vision.