Hydrocephalus, Unspecified (ICD Code: G91.9)

Name of the Condition

• Common Name: Hydrocephalus
• Medical Term: Hydrocephalus, unspecified

Summary

Hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain, leading to increased pressure on the brain tissues. This can cause various neurological issues if not managed properly.

Causes

The exact cause of hydrocephalus can vary and may be unclear in unspecified cases. It can result from congenital factors, acquired through infections, brain injuries, or tumors that block the flow or absorption of CSF.

Risk Factors

• Infants and elderly individuals are more at risk.
• History of brain hemorrhages or infections (e.g., meningitis).
• Genetic factors may contribute in some cases.

Symptoms

• Headache
• Nausea and vomiting
• Balance problems
• Blurred vision
• Cognitive difficulties
• For infants: increased head size and bulging fontanel

Diagnosis

• Imaging tests such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Computed Tomography (CT) scans are crucial for visualizing fluid buildup.
• Clinical evaluation by a neurologist.

Treatment Options

• Surgical Intervention:
  • Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement to redirect fluid.
  • Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) to create a pathway for CSF flow.
• Medications: Rarely used, primarily for temporary relief.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• With appropriate treatment, individuals can lead normal lives, but ongoing monitoring is essential.
• Regular follow-ups are necessary to adjust shunt function and monitor potential complications.

Complications

• Persistent symptoms such as memory issues or imbalance.
• Risks associated with treatments, such as shunt malfunction or infection.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• There are no specific prevention strategies for hydrocephalus.

• Maintain healthy habits to protect against brain injuries and infections.

  When to Seek Professional Help

• Sudden worsening of headaches, confusion, or vision problems should prompt immediate medical evaluation.

Additional Resources

• Hydrocephalus Association: www.hydroassoc.org
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: www.ninds.nih.gov

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure to accurately note if hydrocephalus is unspecified or linked to a specific cause.
• Double-check for any additional codes that might specify complications or manifestations associated with hydrocephalus.
• Avoid confusing with specified types of hydrocephalus, which may have distinct codes.