Name of the Condition

• Transient Global Amnesia (TGA)

Summary

• Transient Global Amnesia is a sudden, temporary episode of memory loss that can't be attributed to a more common neurological condition such as epilepsy or stroke. The individual experiencing TGA typically remembers who they are but struggles to recall recent events and, in some cases, older memories.

Causes

• The exact cause of TGA is unknown. However, it may be triggered by several factors, including stress, physical exertion, immersion in cold or hot water, emotional distress, migraines, and certain medical procedures.

Risk Factors

• Age: Most commonly affects people between ages 50 and 70.
• History of migraines may increase the risk.
• Previous episodes of TGA.

Symptoms

• Sudden onset of memory loss.
• Inability to form new memories during the episode.
• Confusion and repetitive questioning.
• Lasts for several hours but usually resolves within 24 hours.

Diagnosis

• Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by reviewing medical history and performing a thorough neurological exam.
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) may be used to rule out other conditions.

Treatment Options

• Since TGA episodes resolve on their own, treatment is generally not necessary.
• Supportive care: Ensuring the person is calm and safe during the episode.

Prognosis and Follow-Up

• TGA typically has an excellent prognosis with rare recurrence and no long-term consequences.
• Follow-up may be advised to monitor neurological health and evaluate for any underlying conditions.

Complications

• Episodes of TGA may cause distress, but they are usually benign and short-lived.
• Rare recurrence may occur, but frequent recurrences may indicate a more serious condition.

Lifestyle & Prevention

• Addressing stress and avoiding precipitating factors may reduce the risk of TGA.
• Regular medical check-ups to manage underlying health issues.

When to Seek Professional Help

• If memory loss is accompanied by other symptoms such as limb weakness, significant headache, or loss of consciousness, seek immediate medical attention.

Additional Resources

• American Academy of Neurology (AAN)
• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)

Tips for Medical Coders

• Ensure accurate documentation distinguishes TGA from other types of amnesia.
• Be vigilant about the distinguishing characteristics, such as sudden onset and short duration, to avoid coding errors.